MHB Integrating $\sec^2(2x)$: A Puzzler

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The integral I is expressed as I = ∫(sec²(2x)/(2 + tan(2x))) dx from 0 to π/8. The discussion revolves around finding an appropriate substitution, with the initial attempt using u = tan(2x) leading to complications with the denominator. A more suitable substitution proposed is u = 2 + tan(2x), which simplifies the integral. This results in I being calculated as 2∫(1/u) du from 2 to 3, yielding I = (1/2)ln(3/2). The final expression for the integral is confirmed as I = (1/2)ln(3/2).
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\begin{align*}\displaystyle
I_{7}&=\int_{0}^{\pi/8}\frac{\sec^2(2x)}{2+\tan\left({2x}\right)} \\
&=
\end{align*}
not sure of the u substitution here... if $u=tan(2x)$ then $du=2sec^2(2x)$ but stuck with 2 in the denominator after subst
 
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What's the derivative of 2?
 
So maybe the substitution $\displaystyle \begin{align*} u = 2 + \tan{(2\,x)} \end{align*}$ might be more appropriate...
 
$u=2+\tan(2x) \therefore du = 2 \sec^2(2x) \, dx$
so then
$\displaystyle I= 2\int_{2}^{3} \frac{1}{u}\,du=
\frac{1}{2}\left[ln(u)\right]_2^3$
so then
$I=\frac{1}{2}\ln\left({\frac{3}{2}}\right)$
hopefully
 
Last edited:
$$I=\color{red}\frac12\color{black}\int_2^3\frac1u\,\text{ d}u=\left[\frac12\log(u)\right]_2^3$$

Otherwise ok.
 
There are probably loads of proofs of this online, but I do not want to cheat. Here is my attempt: Convexity says that $$f(\lambda a + (1-\lambda)b) \leq \lambda f(a) + (1-\lambda) f(b)$$ $$f(b + \lambda(a-b)) \leq f(b) + \lambda (f(a) - f(b))$$ We know from the intermediate value theorem that there exists a ##c \in (b,a)## such that $$\frac{f(a) - f(b)}{a-b} = f'(c).$$ Hence $$f(b + \lambda(a-b)) \leq f(b) + \lambda (a - b) f'(c))$$ $$\frac{f(b + \lambda(a-b)) - f(b)}{\lambda(a-b)}...

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