Intermolecular Bonding of CH4: Van der Waals

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SUMMARY

The intermolecular bonding in gaseous CH4 (methane) is classified as van der Waals forces, specifically due to its non-polar nature. The discussion clarifies that covalent bonds are intramolecular, holding the carbon and hydrogen atoms within a single molecule together, while intermolecular forces, such as van der Waals, act between separate CH4 molecules. The distinction between intermolecular and intramolecular forces is critical, as covalent and ionic bonds do not apply in this context. The correct answer to the homework question is D, van der Waals, as CH4 does not exhibit hydrogen bonding due to its non-polar characteristics.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of intermolecular vs. intramolecular forces
  • Knowledge of covalent bonding in organic compounds
  • Familiarity with non-polar molecules
  • Basic principles of van der Waals forces
NEXT STEPS
  • Research the different types of van der Waals forces: London dispersion, Debye, and Keesom forces
  • Study the properties of non-polar molecules and their implications in chemistry
  • Explore the differences between polar and non-polar molecules in terms of bonding
  • Learn about the role of intermolecular forces in physical properties of substances
USEFUL FOR

Chemistry students, educators, and anyone interested in understanding molecular interactions and bonding types, particularly in organic chemistry contexts.

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Homework Statement


What type of intermolecular bonding occurs in gaseous CH4?
(A) covalent
(B) ionic
(C) hydrogen
(D) van der Waals


Homework Equations





The Attempt at a Solution



Here is what I did: ruled out B (not ionic) and chose A. The correct answer is D. Is C wrong because hydrogen bonding only happens between polar molecules? Why is D correct over A? Is it because covalent = intramolecular, not intermolecular? Thanks in advance.
 
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Physically a covalent bond involves sharing electrons.
The image is that electron orbit both whatsits concerned.
This requires the whatsits to get very close to each other: the range is of order of an Angstrom.

Do individual CH4 molecule share electrons with each other?
 
The C shares electrons with the hydrogens to complete their shells. This answer should be covalent.
 
Does the C share it's electrons with H atoms in other molecules?
 
No it doesn't. It's a non-polar molecule. In researching, I learned that hydrogen bonding is not applicable here because CH4 is not polar. Therefore, the "intramolecular" forces are covalent, but that's not what the question is asking. The question asks "intermolecular" forces which exist between atoms. Ionic, covalent, and hydrogen bonding our out; leaving van der waals forces.

I think I get it now. If I am missing something, please share! Thanks!
 
That's right - the question was basically about whether you understood the difference between inter and intra molecular forces. Covalent and Ionic bonds are intra-molecular: they are what holds molecules together.

There is a good summary:
http://www.chem.ufl.edu/~itl/4411/lectures/lec_g.html
... Van-der Waals forces are the sum of Keyson, Debye, and London forces.
 
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