Is -1 in U=eiA an Exponent or an Inverse?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the interpretation of the symbol -1 in the context of the expression U = eiA, where A is a Hermitian operator. Participants explore whether -1 is being used as an exponent or as an indication of the inverse of a matrix, particularly in the context of unitary operators and their properties.

Discussion Character

  • Technical explanation
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • Some participants assert that in the expression U = eiA, the -1 in e-iA is used as an exponent, while in U+ = U-1, it refers to the inverse of the matrix.
  • Others argue that the relationship e-iA = (eiA)-1 needs justification, particularly in the context of Hermitian operators.
  • A participant mentions the definition of eA as an infinite power series but expresses uncertainty about deriving the inverse from that definition.
  • Another participant notes that if operators A and B commute, the relationship e^Ae^B = e^{A+B} can be useful, suggesting a broader context for understanding the properties of exponentials of operators.
  • One participant indicates a lack of understanding about how to prove the relationship involving the inverse, while later expresses that they found a solution online.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the interpretation of -1 in the context of the equation, with no consensus reached on whether it is solely an exponent or an inverse. The discussion remains unresolved regarding the justification of the relationship between e-iA and (eiA)-1.

Contextual Notes

Participants reference the need for justification of mathematical rules and definitions, indicating potential limitations in their understanding of the underlying principles of operator exponentiation and inverses.

dyn
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Hi
If A is a Hermitian operator then U = eiA is a unitary operator.
To prove this we take the Hermitian conjugate of U

U+ =
e-iA = (eiA)-1 (1)
U+ = U-1 (2)

My question is - In line (1) , -1 is used as an exponent or power while in line (2) , -1 is used to refer to the inverse of a matrix. Are these not 2 different uses of -1 ?
Thanks
 
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dyn said:
My question is - In line (1) , -1 is used as an exponent or power while in line (2) , -1 is used to refer to the inverse of a matrix. Are these not 2 different uses of -1 ?
In general, ##X^{-1}## denotes the multiplicative inverse of ##X##, where ##X## is some mathematical object. In this case, you have to justify the index rule ##e^{-iA} = (e^{iA})^{-1}## for a (Hermitian) operator ##A##.
 
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PeroK said:
In general, ##X^{-1}## denotes the multiplicative inverse of ##X##, where ##X## is some mathematical object. In this case, you have to justify the index rule ##e^{-iA} = (e^{iA})^{-1}## for a (Hermitian) operator ##A##.
Thanks. So the -1 in the equation you wrote is not an exponent ; it is the inverse of eiA ? How do i justify that ?
 
dyn said:
Thanks. So the -1 in the equation you wrote is not an exponent ; it is the inverse of eiA ? How do i justify that ?
You prove it, using the definition of ##e^A##.
 
I know the definition of eA as an infinite power series but i don't know how to get the inverse of that
 
dyn said:
I know the definition of eA as an infinite power series but i don't know how to get the inverse of that
More generally, if operators/matrices ##A## and ##B## commute, then you can show that:$$e^Ae^B = e^{A+B}$$It shouldn't be hard to find a proof online if you don't want to work it out for yourself.
 
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It's not that i don't work it out myself ; i don't know how to !
 
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I found it online. Thanks
 

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