Is it really true that, for any n > 0 , there is a prime between 2 ^ n

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the conjecture that for any integer n > 0, there exists a prime number between 2^n and 2^n + 2*n. Participants explore this conjecture through numerical checks, theoretical implications, and references to established results in number theory.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Debate/contested
  • Mathematical reasoning

Main Points Raised

  • One participant believes the conjecture is true based on checks for n from 1 to 39 and questions its probability as n increases, referencing the Prime Number Theorem.
  • Another participant argues that as n increases, the values 2*n and 2^n + 2*n become closer, suggesting the conjecture may not hold.
  • Some participants propose that the conjecture could be "almost certainly false" and may contradict known results about prime density.
  • Counterexamples are provided for specific values of n (e.g., n = 54), indicating that the conjecture fails for these cases.
  • Discussion includes the idea that the proportion of primes under n decreases very slowly, which might allow for primes to still exist in the proposed range.
  • A participant suggests that doubling the exponent n in 2^n halves the probability of a number being prime, leading to a need for a larger range to maintain the likelihood of finding a prime.
  • Another participant mentions that checking a finite set of numbers does not guarantee the conjecture holds universally, referencing Cramér's conjecture as a related concept.
  • One participant modifies the conjecture to suggest a prime exists between 2^k and 2^k + 2*k^2, proposing a polynomial relationship instead of a linear one.
  • There is a discussion about the implications of modifying the conjecture and whether it remains valid as n increases.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express a range of views, with some supporting the conjecture and others providing counterexamples that suggest it is false. The discussion remains unresolved, with multiple competing perspectives on the validity of the conjecture.

Contextual Notes

Limitations include the reliance on numerical checks for specific values of n, which do not conclusively prove or disprove the conjecture for all integers. The discussion also highlights the complexity of prime distribution and the implications of the Prime Number Theorem.

  • #31
goldust said:
This morning, while thinking over my first conjecture, I came up with a second conjecture, which is closely related to my first conjecture and which could lend more substance to my first conjecture. My second conjecture is that, for any k > 2, there is always a composite number in the range (2k , 2k + 1) whose range size is less than that of 2k. The range size of a number n is how many prime factors n has \times the sum of n's prime factors. The range size of 2k is therefore 2k2.

So far, I've tested my second conjecture up to k = 30. I would need more than unsigned int to handle powers of 2 over 231.
Proof: For k>2, 2k is divisible by 8 and the "range size" (never heard of that before, but I have no idea about number theory) of 9/8 * 2k is 2k(k-1) < 2k2. The number is in your range, as 1<9/8<2.
Between 2k and 2k + 2 k2, we expect 2 k/ln(2) primes. Neglecting correlations, the probability of finding a prime is ##\displaystyle p(k) \approx 1-\exp\left(-\frac{2k}{ln(2)}\right)##. The product over all k should converge to some finite value, so the non-existence of a small counterexample is a good argument that could be no such gap. It is not a proof, of course.
 

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