Is Randomness in Physics Truly Random or Just Our Uncertainty?

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the nature of randomness in physics, particularly whether randomness is intrinsic to phenomena or a result of our uncertainty. Participants reference various algorithms for selecting random stars and illustrate the concept of randomness through examples like Bertrand's paradox and quantum mechanics. The conversation highlights the distinction between deterministic and stochastic interpretations of the universe, with a consensus emerging that quantum mechanics supports the existence of intrinsically random states, countering Einstein's deterministic viewpoint. The role of density matrices in representing uncertainty in quantum states is also emphasized.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of probability theory and its applications in physics.
  • Familiarity with quantum mechanics concepts, including superposition and entanglement.
  • Knowledge of density matrices and their role in quantum state representation.
  • Awareness of philosophical implications regarding determinism and stochasticity in science.
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the implications of quantum mechanics on determinism versus stochasticity.
  • Explore the concept of density matrices in quantum mechanics.
  • Investigate Bertrand's paradox and its relevance to probability theory.
  • Learn about Amplituhedrons and their potential impact on our understanding of probability and randomness.
USEFUL FOR

Physicists, philosophers of science, and students of quantum mechanics seeking to understand the complexities of randomness and its implications in physical theories.

  • #31
sina89 said:
Thank all of you for reply. I am new here and i didn't know where to post my question. i wanted to what do people exactly mean when they use the word RANDOM in physics.
I think there is one more think to say about "random" as it is used to describe physics - and I'll try to describe it as non-technically as possible. I will use a binary measurement as an example - a measurement that results in one of two results. A QM experiment can be set up where "locally" the result of the measurement is entirely unpredictable - as if a bit of information had been added to the universe completely unknown and unknowable to that measuring site. However, if the state being measure is entangled, then another QM experimenter a distance away may be discovering that same information.

Now if these two sites compare their results, each will see the others results as completely predictable - a copy of their own result.
But if they never compared results, each might think he had an original and unique string of random bits.

In general, there is no apparent "entanglement" and so there is no possibility on comparing results with another measuring site, and so QM measurements are commonly taken to be "random" in the "original and unique" sense of the term. Moreover, there are QM experiments that convincingly demonstrate that specific information about the results of future measurements is unavailable until the measurement is made - in that sense "random". But at this point we still don't know whether QM results are truly random in the sense that they are determined only by "luck" - or even ever determined by "luck".
 

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