The discussion centers around the size and nature of the universe, questioning whether it was ever the size of a grapefruit and if it is infinite. While the observable universe may have been that small, the total universe could be infinitely large, and its shape is generally considered flat in cosmological terms. The expansion of the universe does not affect the space within gravitationally bound systems, like between atoms in a body, due to internal forces. There is a debate about the concept of infinity in the universe, with some arguing that infinity may not exist in reality, while others suggest that if the universe is infinite, it complicates the understanding of its expansion. Ultimately, the conversation highlights the complexities and ongoing uncertainties in cosmology regarding the universe's size, shape, and the nature of infinity.