Is there a smallest wavetrain corresponding with photons?

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the concept of wave packets in electromagnetic (EM) waves and their relationship to photons. Participants clarify that photons are not classical wave packets but quantized energy portions defined by Planck's constant. The conversation also addresses why light travels slower in a medium compared to a vacuum, emphasizing the role of atomic interactions and superposition of electric fields. Key references include Feynman's "The Origin of the Refractive Index" and Bruce Sherwood's article on refraction.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of quantum mechanics principles, particularly photon behavior.
  • Familiarity with electromagnetic wave theory and classical electrodynamics.
  • Knowledge of the concept of superposition in wave physics.
  • Basic grasp of the refractive index and its implications in optics.
NEXT STEPS
  • Study Feynman's "The Origin of the Refractive Index" for insights on light behavior in mediums.
  • Explore Bruce Sherwood's article on refraction and its quantum mechanical interpretations.
  • Research the concept of dispersion relations in quantum electrodynamics.
  • Learn about the differences between classical and quantum descriptions of light, focusing on photon theory.
USEFUL FOR

Physicists, students of quantum mechanics, and anyone interested in the fundamental nature of light and its interactions with matter will benefit from this discussion.

  • #31
Of course, I agree. The problem is that even in textbooks often "photons" are used in hand-waving arguments, particularly in GR textbooks, where what is in fact meant is the eikonal approximation of Maxwell's equations in "curved spacetime". Of course that's a tremendous shortcut in calculations.

What's always wrong with this "naive photon picture" is the assumption that "photons" were localized massless particles. So if you envoke the "naive photon picture" you are always better off when thinking in terms of em. waves than in terms of massless point particles.

Field quantization, is of course, not only needed when you deal with Fock states. E.g., you need it also for thermal radiation. It's not by chance that the entire discovery of quantum theory historically came from Planck's discovery how to theoretically describe thermal (black-body) radiation!
 

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