Is to 2nd order always related to Taylor series?

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    2nd order Mean
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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the meaning of the term "to 2nd order" in mathematical contexts, particularly in relation to Taylor series and its implications in various applications. Participants explore definitions and interpretations of second-order approximations in different scenarios.

Discussion Character

  • Conceptual clarification
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant questions the definition of "to 2nd order," suggesting it typically refers to the initial terms of the Taylor series up to the second derivative term.
  • Another participant considers the initial suggestion to be a typo, asserting that second order should include the second order term based on their understanding.
  • A different perspective is introduced, where "2nd order" is described in the context of oscillation and stability, indicating that it can refer to systems that can oscillate and become unstable, requiring two storage elements.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing interpretations of "to 2nd order," with no consensus reached on a singular definition. Multiple competing views remain regarding its application in various mathematical contexts.

Contextual Notes

Participants highlight that definitions may vary based on context, and there may be assumptions about the mathematical framework or application being discussed that are not explicitly stated.

Rasalhague
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What does "to 2nd order" mean?

In the limit as the number n of sides of the polygon increases and the angle a approaches zero, the value of \cos \alpha approaches 1 (to the second order), and the value of \sin \alpha approaches \alpha.

http://www.mathpages.com/rr/s2-11/2-11.htm

I thought "to second order" meant an approximation consisting of the initial terms of the Taylor series up to and including the second derivative term. For example, it seems to be used that way in the Wikipedia article Taylor series, in the section "Taylor series in several variables" [ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taylor_series ]. Is the quote above using an unusual definition of second order, or have I misunderstood something here?
 
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edit: ok, sorry, bad suggestion
 
Last edited:


I would consider it a typo. Second order includes the second order term whenever I have heard it used.
 


Thanks.
 


In other contexts, 2nd order means "it can oscillate and therefore go unstable".

You need 2 storage elements to cause an oscillation and the differential equation that describes it
reduces to a 2nd order algebraic equation [quadratic] via Laplace Transformation.

JFYI
 

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