Limit Calc: 1-cos(x)/x^2 w/o L'Hôpital's Rule

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around evaluating the limit of the expression \(\frac{1 - \cos(x)}{x^2}\) as \(x\) approaches 0, specifically without using L'Hôpital's rule. Participants explore various methods and identities to approach the limit, including trigonometric identities and algebraic manipulations.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Debate/contested
  • Mathematical reasoning

Main Points Raised

  • One participant expresses a desire to avoid L'Hôpital's rule and attempts to manipulate the expression but encounters a 0*infinity problem.
  • Another participant questions whether the avoidance of L'Hôpital's rule is due to a requirement or personal preference, noting that it could solve the problem quickly.
  • A different approach is suggested by multiplying and dividing by \(1 + \cos x\), leading to a transformation of the limit into a form involving \(\sin^2 x\). A request is made for further assistance in completing the solution from this point.
  • One participant reiterates the original limit request and introduces the identity \(1 - \cos x = 2 \sin^2 \frac{x}{2}\), leading to a reformulation of the limit that highlights a fundamental limit known to equal 1.
  • A participant shares a LaTeX code snippet for formatting the limit expression, contributing to the discussion's technical aspects.
  • Another participant provides a power series expansion for \(\cos x\) as \(x\) approaches 0, although it is noted that this method may not align with the original request to avoid L'Hôpital's rule.
  • A participant acknowledges the various methods proposed and suggests that multiple paths to the solution have been established.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants present multiple competing approaches to solving the limit, with no consensus on a single method or solution. The discussion remains unresolved as various techniques are explored.

Contextual Notes

Some methods proposed may depend on specific mathematical identities or assumptions that are not universally accepted or may not apply in all contexts. The discussion includes various approaches that may not be compatible with each other.

Yankel
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Hello,

I need some assistance with this limit when x->0:

\frac{1-cos(x)}{x^{2}}

I do not wish to use L'Hôpital's rule.

What I tried was to write x^2 as x*x, and to separate it so I can use the known limit of cos(x)/x, however it only brought me to the 0*infinity problem.
 
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Do you not want to use l'Hôpital's rule because the probem given to you wants you to use a different method? That is, must you not use it? Or would you just personally prefer a different way? l'Hôpital's rule solves this problem in two lines.
 
Not using l'Hôpital's rule is just as fast. Multiply and divide by $1 + \cos x$, yielding

$$\frac{1 - \cos x}{x^2} \cdot \frac{1 + \cos x}{1 + \cos x} = \frac{1- \cos^2 x}{x^2 (1 + \cos x)} = \frac{\sin^2 x}{x^2 (1 + \cos x)}.$$

Can you finish from here? (Smile)
 
Yankel said:
Hello,

I need some assistance with this limit when x->0:

\frac{1-cos(x)}{x^{2}}

I do not wish to use L'Hôpital's rule.

What I tried was to write x^2 as x*x, and to separate it so I can use the known limit of cos(x)/x, however it only brought me to the 0*infinity problem.

A possibility in this particular case is to use the identity...

$\displaystyle 1 - cos x = 2\ \sin^{2} \frac{x}{2}$ (1)

... and from (1) to derive...

$\displaystyle \frac{1 - \cos x}{x^{2}} = \frac{1}{2}\ \frac{\sin^{2} \frac{x}{2}}{(\frac{x}{2})^{2}}$ (2)

In the right term of (2) there is a 'fundamental limit' and this limit is 1...

Kind regards

$\chi$ $\sigma$
 
I came late to the party! (d)

All I have to add is that to write the limit with $\displaystyle \LaTeX$, use the following code:

\lim_{x\to0}\frac{1-\cos(x)}{x^2}

to get:

$\displaystyle \lim_{x\to0}\frac{1-\cos(x)}{x^2}$
 
cosx=1-x^2/2+O(x^4) as x -> 0
 
Poirot, that is a good idea. However, since he doesn't wish to use l'Hôpital's rule (or perhaps can't, therefore he wishes not to), I'd say that using power series is probably out of context as well. Nevertheless, another clever suggestion! (Clapping)

We already have four possible paths to the solution. (Dance)
 

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