Limitations of Physics | Seeking Feedback on Ideas

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The discussion centers on the limitations of theoretical physics and the quest for a Theory of Everything (ToE), emphasizing that current physics may not adequately address concepts like consciousness and the nature of reality. Participants argue that while mathematical abstractions are essential, they often fail to capture the essence of physical phenomena, leading to a disconnect between theory and reality. The notion that a ToE might exclude critical elements such as mind and consciousness is highlighted, suggesting that any comprehensive theory must also grapple with these metaphysical aspects. Additionally, the conversation critiques the physics community's adherence to established doctrines and the pressures that hinder innovative thinking. Ultimately, the dialogue reflects on the philosophical implications of scientific inquiry and the need for a broader understanding of reality beyond mere mathematical frameworks.
  • #91
apeiron said:
Citation please. Whose hierarchy theory are you talking about? I'm not familiar with any that are not dependent on scale.

Specifically, Timothy Allen, but your must have misunderstood something I said. I made no claim about it not being dependent on scale. I'm talking about the misuse of the word dichotomy. What you're talking about seems to be "duality in heirarchy". There's no need to altar the meaning of another word (i.e. dichotomy).

Allen's essay is actually the first hit on google for "heirarchy theory" Scroll down to "dualities in heirarchy". The word dichotomy isn't needed and it just confuses the issue.
 
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  • #92
Pythagorean said:
Specifically, Timothy Allen, but your must have misunderstood something I said. I made no claim about it not being dependent on scale. I'm talking about the misuse of the word dichotomy. What you're talking about seems to be "duality in heirarchy". There's no need to altar the meaning of another word (i.e. dichotomy).

Allen's essay is actually the first hit on google for "heirarchy theory" Scroll down to "dualities in heirarchy". The word dichotomy isn't needed and it just confuses the issue.

Hah, you bluffer. You googled hierarchy theory (perhaps you even spelt it correctly) and that was the first time you had ever heard of Allen. :smile:

If this is not the case, then I'm sure you can tell me where you first came across Allen's work and how you feel it differs from other hierarchy theory approaches - why you would choose it "specifically", rather than say Stan Salthe or Howard Pattee.

But anyway, you want to turn this into some kind of debate over which words I'm allowed to use based on your attempts to position yourself as an "expert" in the field of hierarchy theory. Well, my distinctions between these various terms - dual, complementary, dichotomy - actually arose from many years of discussion with actual hierarchy theory experts like Salthe and Pattee. So if they didn't mind, perhaps you could afford to be a little more relaxed as well. :smile:

So scroll down to duality and read on...

"The dualism in hierarchies appears to come from a set of complementarities that line up with: observer-observed, process-structure, rate-dependent versus rate-independent, and part-whole."

Part~whole, or local~global, is in fact the key one here (or speaking as someone au fait with hierarchy theory, are you suggesting something else is more central?).

Also worth noting - simply in the vain hope that we might get this thread back on track - is what Allen then says about the dichotomy of construction~constraint. The complementary actions of local and global scale.

Constraints come from above, while the limits as to what is possible come from below. The concept of hierarchy becomes confused unless one makes the distinction between limits from below and limits from above. The distinction between mechanisms below and purposes above turn on the issue of constraint versus possibility.

This is what it is all about. (Though Allen does not express the idea too clearly.)

Global scale acts downwards with constraint to restrict local degrees of freedom. But in turn, those freely expressed degrees must act bottom up to construct the global constraints. The parts have to (re)construct the whole that is forming them as parts in the first place. This is the logic of hierarchical self-organisation - a dynamic process view of systems. And the necessary causal connection between what is separated (the local from the global) is why we would call it also complementary.

Applied to QM, this model would suggest that the universe arises as a system of measurement (of global, holonomic, constraint) because it is able to restrict (decohere) what would otherwise be an infinity of degrees of freedom (indeterminacy, vagueness). And the decohered grain of material events in turn is exactly that which is sufficient to (re)build the universe as the decohering global device.

But why am I explaining the basics of hierarchy theory to you when you are already an expert and are probably penning a wiki page as we speak?
 
  • #93
Wow, that whole post was basically a personal attack.

I never claimed authority on hierarchy theory, I never said I didn't google it. I just said I don't have a problem with it (having read another source besides you). Yes, it was a google hit, but being the first hit wasn't as important as it being from a scientist. I also google scholar'd it and skimmed other authors to make sure it was consistent subject matter (and it was).

Coincidentally, the research I do falls within the domains of hierarchy theory, so a lot of the technicalities aren't difficult to grasp for me.

Anyway, the whole point is that you're wasting your time trying prove that hierarchy theory is legit or tell me about it or what the mechanics are. My problem was with you making up your own definitions, and I'm quite over it by now.
 
  • #94
Pythagorean said:
Anyway, the whole point is that you're wasting your time trying prove that hierarchy theory is legit or tell me about it or what the mechanics are. My problem was with you making up your own definitions, and I'm quite over it by now.

I quite agree that you have been wasting my time here. You have demonstrated that you have no real knowledge on which to base any opinion about my choice of definition. To pretend otherwise was dishonest.
 
  • #95
Read my language, I used words like "seems like" and even mentioned the googe hit. How do you confuse this for authority?

Anyway, like I said, it's all very similar to the research I do (complex systems, bifurcations, chaos, spatiotemporal dynamics, etc.), It just has a name now is all.

Here's something I came across pertaining directly to our discussion though, albeit in another case besides HUP:

A single-level, scale-insensitivec oncept of patches has
led to the misleading dichotomy between "fine-grained"
and "coarse-grained" organisms( MacArthura nd Levins
1964, Pianka 1983). These terms have been used to
imply that organisms may either respond to the patch
structure( coarse-grained) or perceive the environment
as homogeneous( fine-grained).A given mosaicm ay be
used in a coarse-grainedm annerb y one organism( e.g.
a barnacle settling on an intertidal rock) and a finegrained
fashion by another (e.g. a shorebird foraging
over a large area of rocky intertidal). The distinction is
useful in calling attention to such species differences in
responses to environmental patchiness, but it fails to
consider the effects of scale or levels in patch hierarchies.
Thus, an organism that does not respond to
patchiness at one scale (fine-grained) may be sensitive
to patch differences( coarse-grained)a t other scales of
heterogeneity (Morris 1987). The shorebird that ignores
small-scale patchiness within a rocky intertidal may differentiate
strongly between a patch of rocky intertidal
habitat and patches of sandy beach or exposed dunes at
a broader scale. Whether or not an organism is fine- or
coarse-grainedi s scale dependent, yet these terms are
usually applied in a scale-insensitive manner.

from JSTOR: Oikos, Vol. 59, Nov. 2

Multiple Scales of Patchiness and Patch Structure: A Hierarchical Framework for the Study of Heterogeneity.
 
  • #96
That's difficult, but i'd put my bets on "my experience", "quantum vacuum" and "planck scale".


Hurkyl said:
Is that a definition of the word "fundamental constituent", as you mean it?


Examples of what i consider to be the building blocks(and possibly source) of reality.


What are the unchanging, non-relative, non-contextual building blocks of the universe in your opinion?(suppose for a moment there do exist such fundamental blocks that explain the existence of relative space, matter and time)


The common opinion among physicists would probably center around the idea of supersymmetry that if you keep drilling down to find out what the smallest things are made of, you would eventually find just one thing that everything is made of, guided by some sort of universal rules of physics. It feels right, but doesn't explain the emergence of 3D space and especially the passage of time, the origin of the universal rules of physics, personal experience and free-will. At the deepest levels of inquiry, it becomes hard to make a distinction between the organizing universal rules and what one may choose to call 'the Mind of God'.
 
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  • #97
Pythagorean said:
Anyway, like I said, it's all very similar to the research I do (complex systems, bifurcations, chaos, spatiotemporal dynamics, etc.), It just has a name now is all.

That is an impressive range of areas that you do research in. Out of interest, how many papers have you published so far?

Pythagorean said:
Here's something I came across pertaining directly to our discussion though, albeit in another case besides HUP.

Now how does this actually pertain to our discussion? I am baffled so please spell out what you mean.

I hope you didn't just get excited by the juxtaposition of the words "misleading" and "dichotomy" because of course you will have understood that the misleading bit (according to the authors) lies in applying the dichotomy of coarse~fine (ie: discrete~continuous) to the animals when really it should be applied to the environment the animal perceives.

So the passage is straightforward enough and indeed demonstrates the use of the term "dichotomy" in precisely the same "division by scale asymmetry" sense that I have been using it.

But I can't believe your intent here was to support my position!
 
  • #98
apeiron said:
That is an impressive range of areas that you do research in. Out of interest, how many papers have you published so far?

Actually, it's not a wide range by any means. It's all one paper: when you look for chaos in complex systems, your largest contributing tools are spatiotemporal and bifuraction analysis. One of the more important tests is the Lyapunov exponent (which can actually be framed as a scaling problem).

You can learn all of this in one book:
Nonlinear Dynamics and Chaos
Steven Strogatz

As for papers published, I've contributed to two (maybe three soon) papers, but that doesn't really matter. Being able to understand the journal papers that are already written is more important. You have to actually climb up giants to stand on their shoulders.

Now how does this actually pertain to our discussion? I am baffled so please spell out what you mean.

I hope you didn't just get excited by the juxtaposition of the words "misleading" and "dichotomy" because of course you will have understood that the misleading bit (according to the authors) lies in applying the dichotomy of coarse~fine (ie: discrete~continuous) to the animals when really it should be applied to the environment the animal perceives.

So the passage is straightforward enough and indeed demonstrates the use of the term "dichotomy" in precisely the same "division by scale asymmetry" sense that I have been using it.

But I can't believe your intent here was to support my position!

Actually, the whole point is that there is no dichotomy. That the properties are not mutually exclusive (like momentum and position).

We'll look at it closer:

mutually exclusive (either or statement)
These terms have been used to
imply that organisms may either respond to the patch
structure( coarse-grained) or perceive the environment
as homogeneous( fine-grained).
(emphasis added)

and to elaborate, he says:

The distinction is
useful in calling attention to such species differences in
responses to environmental patchiness, but it fails to
consider the effects of scale or levels in patch hierarchies.
Thus, an organism that does not respond to
patchiness at one scale (fine-grained) may be sensitive
to patch differences( coarse-grained)a t other scales of
heterogeneity (Morris 1987).

In other words, the linear thinking fails to account for every possible observation of the system. The mutually exclusive case is a special case (an exception, not a rule) and it's misleading to carry it as such. The scale variance can (not must) affect the grain sensitivity, further complicating the system (obviously, if it's one or the other, it simplifies the system).
 
  • #99
DevilsAvocado said:
Regarding Heisenberg uncertainty principle, is there really any doubts...

Walter Lewin MIT – The Uncertainty Principle

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=<object width="640" height="505">
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<param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param>
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</object>



That's remarkable. This is actually the 'border' between the classical and quantum domain, in action. He states the opening is 1/100th of an inch wide, or 0.25 mm when the HUP becomes noticeable(and quantum effects kick in). Pretty damn impressive! It's always great to learn something new.
 
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  • #100
Pythagorean said:
As for papers published, I've contributed to two (maybe three soon) papers, but that doesn't really matter.

What does contributed mean? You are a co-author?

Pythagorean said:
Actually, the whole point is that there is no dichotomy. That the properties are not mutually exclusive (like momentum and position).

I feeling further confused. So you are saying now momentum and position are mutually exclusive? You seemed to say something different in post 71 - "A particle can have a momentum and a velocity [sic] at the same time (they're not mutually exclusive properties of the particle)".

And you also want to say that coarse and fine are not mutually exclusive terms? That coarse is not defined by its lack of fineness, fineness by its lack of coarseness?

Pythagorean said:
In other words, the linear thinking fails to account for every possible observation of the system. The mutually exclusive case is a special case (an exception, not a rule) and it's misleading to carry it as such. The scale variance can (not must) affect the grain sensitivity, further complicating the system (obviously, if it's one or the other, it simplifies the system).

Your attempt at explanation is far less clear than the passage you quote. In fact it makes no sense.

Quite clearly, the dichotomy of patchy and homogenous is anchored in "must" fashion to the scale of the observer. And this in fact is a statement straight out of hierarchy theory - particularly Stan Salthe's book on scalar hierarchies, Evolving Hierarchical Systems.

The shoreline will look patchy - inhomogenous - to the bird on its scale of perceptual interest. So it will distinguish between the rocks and the beach. But patchiness at a fine grain, such as between different coloured grains of its sand under its feet, will blur into a continuous indifference. Equally, patchiness at a scale much greater than its perceptual interest, such as perhaps the patchiness of tectonic plates, will also disappear from sight, but for precisely the opposite reason. The bird will not be able to see to the boundaries of the patch it happens to exist in.

So yes this is hierarchy theory. Yes this is also a story of upper and lower bounds of scale, it is also about an asymmetric dichotomy, following my definition. There are two bounding constraints (or event horizons) on perception - when the grain of perceptual interest becomes either too fine, or too coarse. And note, just two constraints, not three, four or some other arbitrary number.

So you say your research experience in chaos and nonlinear systems gives you an ability to understand technical papers in hierarchy theory. Well, I await evidence of that claim.
 
  • #101
tom.stoer said:
Then you use wave-particle- and position-momentum-"duality"; but these two "dualities" are something very different. Bohr called the first one "complementary" and never mixed it up with position-momentum-xxx afaik.

This statement troubled me. It seems accepted by others that position~momentum are complementary in just the same way.

They are what Bohr calls complementary descriptions: "[the quantum of action]...forces us to adopt a new mode of description designated as complementary in the sense that any given application of classical concepts precludes the simultaneous use of other classical concepts which in a different connection are equally necessary for the elucidation of the phenomena. (Bohr, 1929, p. 10)"
The most important example of complementary descriptions is provided by the measurements of the position and momentum of an object.

http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/qt-uncertainty/#WavParDuaCom

In addition to complementary descriptions Bohr also talks about complementary phenomena and complementary quantities. Position and momentum, as well as time and energy, are complementary quantities.

(Note, that while Bohr started from the duality between the particle and wave pictures, which are mutually exclusive also in classical physics, he later considered as complementary two descriptions which in the classical theory are united.)

And oh no, what's this?...

Instead, Bohr always stressed that the uncertainty relations are first and foremost an expression of complementarity. This may seem odd since complementarity is a dichotomic relation between two types of description whereas the uncertainty relations allow for intermediate situations between two extremes. They "express" the dichotomy in the sense that if we take the energy and momentum to be perfectly well-defined, symbolically ΔE = Δp = 0, the postion and time variables are completely undefined, Δx = Δt = ∞, and vice versa. But they also allow intermediate situations in which the mentioned uncertainties are all non-zero and finite.

:smile:
 
  • #102
I feeling further confused. So you are saying now momentum and position are mutually exclusive? You seemed to say something different in post 71 - "A particle can have a momentum and a velocity [sic] at the same time (they're not mutually exclusive properties of the particle)".

And you also want to say that coarse and fine are not mutually exclusive terms? That coarse is not defined by its lack of fineness, fineness by its lack of coarseness?

No they're not mutually exclusive. I reiterated that in the previous post, you just misread it. They are NOT mutually exclusive (like position/momentum are NOT mutually exclusive).

So yes this is hierarchy theory. Yes this is also a story of upper and lower bounds of scale, it is also about an asymmetric dichotomy, following my definition.

Ok, as long as you're admitting it's your definition. You kept going back and forth. At the one point you wanted to prove that it matched the conditions of the canonical, well-known definition of "dichotomy", but then you go and try to justify using another definition. You would seem to wiggle around less if you chose one or the other. If you're using your own definition, then as I've already said, there's no argument here. It's kind of funny, since so far, it's classically called a "false dichotomy" (i.e. the discussion on mutual exclusivity)

The whole point is that you confuse people who are new to the subject (i.e. me) by using words in a way people outside the field aren't familiar with, so I don't need authority here to tell you you're not being clear and your being confusing. The idea of hierarchy theory is not lost on me though, we naturally do much analysis in the sciences with hierarchy considerations (to group and classify things in the most objective manner you can is important). More importantly, massive qualitative changes in the behavior of a system as a function of scale sizes is important to complex systems (this is bifurcation, in a nut shell). We don't discuss hierarchy theory as an observer looking from the outside, we practice it out of necessity.

So you say your research experience in chaos and nonlinear systems gives you an ability to understand technical papers in hierarchy theory. Well, I await evidence of that claim.[

Of course your being stubborn and willfully misreading my posts as to confuse yourself, so you shouldn't expect to get any clarity out of your anticipatory approach.

Maybe if you close your eyes, take a breath, and we'll try again:

The misleading dichotomy (i.e., the assumption of mutual exclusivity):
"These terms have been used to imply that organisms may either respond to the patch structure( coarse-grained) or perceive the environment is homogeneous( fine-grained)."

Ok, you see how this is an either/or statement which is necessarily mutually exclusive? And the author is talking about how this is an implication, not a truth. Then he sets the record straight:

"The distinction is useful in calling attention to such species differences in responses to environmental patchiness, but it fails to consider the effects of scale or levels in patch hierarchies. Thus, an organism that does not respond to patchiness at one scale (fine-grained) may be sensitive to patch differences (coarse-grained)a t other scales of heterogeneity (Morris 1987)."

"It fails to consider the effect of scale or levels in patch hierarchies". Now we're talking about a complex system... a nonlinear system. Ideally, the hierarchy of a complex system can be defined by the bifuractions that classify the different behaviors of the system, and this can all be measured quantitatively and in a uniform fashion (since the whole system is contained in one set of equations).

Polychotomies are necessarily linear (you have an axis, and you go from one side of the axis to the other, and the dependent variable is linear with respect to the scale. It's a polychotomy because each point on the scale is a separate outcome and you can only be at one point at time.

The author is demonstrating the nonlinearity of the scaling and grain issue. There isn't only one solution for each point on the axis, there are more dependent variables now. Mutual exclusivity fails.

This is similar to the problem with classifying the sex of organisms. Biologists have long since known that organisms aren't bound to being just male or female. They are not mutually exclusive, and there's several different ways in which they aren't. There's hermaphrodites on the one hand, or strictly genetic anomalies (like Jamie Lee Curtis) on the other, then there's also behavior to consider (sexuality for instance). Obviously, there's no clear dichotomy between male and female, since the properties of being male or female are not mutually exclusive.
 
  • #103
Pythagorean said:
Ok, as long as you're admitting it's your definition. You kept going back and forth. At the one point you wanted to prove that it matched the conditions of the canonical, well-known definition of "dichotomy", but then you go and try to justify using another definition.

Not so. I was taking classic examples of metaphysical dichotomies (or dualities, or complementaries, or antimonies) and showing how there is a fundamental, usually unrecognised, feature to them all - the feature that actually makes them seem fundamental in a maximally divided way. And that feature is asymmetry - a dichotomisation or breaking across scale. The local~global dichotomy which then is what connects a dichotomy directly with hierarchy theory, the fully developed systems view.

It probably has skipped your notice, but I have often used the term "asymmetric dichotomy" for that reason. Again, classical metaphysics arrived at dichotomies that seemed fundamental to them. I am saying the reason for this was that they are all asymmetries. They conform to the template of local~global. Which in turn connects them directly to hierarchy theory. So this is a package of ideas that indeed sharpens the definition of the terms.

If there is any back and forth, it only reflects your confusion, or over eagerness to shout me down.

Pythagorean said:
You would seem to wiggle around less if you chose one or the other. If you're using your own definition, then as I've already said, there's no argument here. It's kind of funny, since so far, it's classically called a "false dichotomy" (i.e. the discussion on mutual exclusivity)

That is so bone-headed. False dichotomies, as I have already explained, are ones where you have made arbitrary divisions - just like your coin-tossing example. The choice of how many faces a thrown object might have is as large as you like. It is a free choice, unconstrained. So chosing just two is arbitrary.

However a true dichotomy is, again as I have explained repeatedly, characterised by the fact you are constrained to just two mutually-definitional choices. And this only happens when you break a symmetry along an axis of scale. When you go local~global, as in microstate~macrostate.

A dichotomy was never called classically "a false dichotomy". That only came later as fools who did not really understand how to argue these things did indeed often come up with false dichotomies. And it is always helpful to have a term to describe what not to do.

Pythagorean said:
The whole point is that you confuse people who are new to the subject (i.e. me) by using words in a way people outside the field aren't familiar with, so I don't need authority here to tell you you're not being clear and your being confusing. The idea of hierarchy theory is not lost on me though, we naturally do much analysis in the sciences with hierarchy considerations (to group and classify things in the most objective manner you can is important). More importantly, massive qualitative changes in the behavior of a system as a function of scale sizes is important to complex systems (this is bifurcation, in a nut shell). We don't discuss hierarchy theory as an observer looking from the outside, we practice it out of necessity.

Well boo hoo. People who are new to a subject should admit that rather than continually pose as quasi-experts. As you are doing all over again in saying your "research in bifurcation" makes you already someone on which the subtleties are not lost, when patently, over and over, they are.

So who is this royal "we" you keep talking about. Are you part of some group of sh** hot dynamicists who all think the same way? What are the names of the people who are the leading figures in "your group". I frequently mention the people I consider part of "my group" - Salthe, Pattee, Rosen, Friston, Grossberg, Kelso, Peirce, etc. Who else is privileged to be part of the tight intellectual circle you are implying here?

Pythagorean said:
Maybe if you close your eyes, take a breath, and we'll try again:

The misleading dichotomy (i.e., the assumption of mutual exclusivity):
"These terms have been used to imply that organisms may either respond to the patch structure( coarse-grained) or perceive the environment is homogeneous( fine-grained)."

Ok, you see how this is an either/or statement which is necessarily mutually exclusive? And the author is talking about how this is an implication, not a truth. Then he sets the record straight:

Err, this is setting up a doubt about the dichotomy being a fixed perceptual response. And animal is either set in one mode or the other. Instead, the dichotomy IS the perceptual response, it is an active and task-dependent choice. Which is basic psychophysics 101.

Of courses the senses have to make the choice whether to lump or split. Ever heard of gestalt psychology, phi illusions, change blindness, all that standard stuff?

So there is no denial of a dichotomy of fine~coarse, just the very valid point that it is an active choice that brains make. By a process of top-down constraint (yes, anticipatory processing/forward modelling), the brain will seek to lump or split, so avoiding a vague representation of reality and instead arriving at a crisply divided and bounded one.

You just get everything so confused right from the first sentence again. So maybe the problem really is yours. Ever considered that?

The rest of your post is so hopelessly lost that it really is time to say game over. Sorry.
 
  • #104
Okay, you've had enough rope apeiron, thread closed.
 

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