What is the relationship between locus, alleles, and genes in chromosomes?

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SUMMARY

The discussion clarifies the relationship between locus, alleles, and genes within chromosomes. A locus is defined as the specific location on a chromosome where a gene resides. Each gene consists of two alleles, and in diploid organisms, homologous chromosomes contain pairs of these alleles. If the alleles are identical, the organism is homozygous; if they differ, the organism is heterozygous. This foundational understanding is crucial for genetics and molecular biology.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of basic genetic terminology, including "gene," "allele," and "locus."
  • Familiarity with diploid organisms and their chromosome structure.
  • Knowledge of homozygosity and heterozygosity concepts.
  • Basic comprehension of protein synthesis and its relation to genes.
NEXT STEPS
  • Research the role of alleles in genetic variation and mutation.
  • Explore the concept of gene expression and its regulation.
  • Learn about genetic mapping and the significance of loci in heredity.
  • Investigate the implications of homozygosity and heterozygosity in breeding and genetics.
USEFUL FOR

This discussion is beneficial for students of genetics, molecular biologists, and anyone interested in understanding the fundamental principles of heredity and gene function.

Motivanka
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So a certain place on chromosome where gene is, it's called locus. And gene contains two allels. So in my book is said that homologous chromosomes contain set of allels and this is what confuses me. So how come is that possible if a single chromosome contains genes and each gene contain two allels. In case of homologous chromosomes it should be 4 allels that is two pairs of allels or two genes because on each chromosome there is a similar gene right ?
 
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A gene is a set of instructions to create a protein. Diploid organisms like you and me have two sets of chromosomes in most of our cells. On each member of the pair, the chromosome there has a place where the gene lives. The locus. So this means you have two separate copies of one gene. If the genes are identical we call that homozygous. If the genes are not identical, we call that heterozyogous.

An allele is one of two or more alternative versions of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place (locus) on a chromosome in different individuals.
 
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