Log-sine and log-cosine integrals

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on the evaluation of specific integrals involving logarithmic functions of sine and cosine. It establishes that for \(0 \le \theta \le \pi\), the integral \( \int_{0}^{\theta} \ln(\sin x) \ dx \) equals \(- \theta \ln 2 - \frac{1}{2} \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{\sin (2n \theta)}{n^{2}}\). Additionally, for \(0 \le \theta \le \frac{\pi}{2}\), the integral \( \int_{0}^{\theta} \ln(\cos x) \ dx \) is given by \(- \theta \ln 2 + \frac{1}{2} \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} (-1)^{n+1} \frac{\sin (2n \theta)}{n^{2}}\). The discussion also introduces a more complex integral involving parameters \(a\), \(b\), and \(c\) and seeks conditions for its closed form solution.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of integral calculus, specifically definite integrals.
  • Familiarity with logarithmic functions and their properties.
  • Knowledge of series expansions, particularly Fourier series.
  • Basic understanding of trigonometric functions and their integrals.
NEXT STEPS
  • Research the properties of logarithmic integrals in mathematical analysis.
  • Study the convergence of infinite series, particularly in the context of sine functions.
  • Explore advanced techniques in integral calculus, such as integration by parts.
  • Investigate the closed form solutions for integrals involving logarithmic functions of trigonometric expressions.
USEFUL FOR

Mathematicians, students of advanced calculus, and researchers interested in integral equations and series expansions will benefit from this discussion.

polygamma
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For a few of you, this probably isn't very challenging. But I'm going to post it anyways since I find it interesting.
Show that for $0 \le \theta \le \pi$, $ \displaystyle \int_{0}^{\theta} \ln(\sin x) \ dx = - \theta \ln 2 - \frac{1}{2} \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{\sin (2n \theta)}{n^{2}}$.Also show that for $0 \le \theta \le \frac{\pi}{2}$, $ \displaystyle \int_{0}^{\theta} \ln(\cos x) \ dx = - \theta \ln 2 + \frac{1}{2} \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} (-1)^{n+1} \frac{\sin (2n \theta)}{n^{2}}$.
 
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I quite agree, RV... Very interesting! (Heidy)I'll not answer that one for reasons we both understand, but if it's not entirely impertinent of me - which it might well be :o - I'd like to propose the following one for you... Something to get you teeth into.For $$a,\, b,\, c > 0 \in \mathbb{R}$$, $$m\in \mathbb{Z}^+\ge 1$$, and $$0 < \theta \le \pi/2$$, find the additional conditions on the parameters as well as the closed form solution for:$$\int_0^{\theta}\log^m(a+b\cos x +c\sin x)\,dx$$
 

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