Magnitude of buoyant force in fluids of different densities

[I_Try_Math]

Homework Statement

A penguin floats first in a fluid of density $\rho_0$, then in a fluid of density 0.95$\rho_0$, and then in a fluid of density 1.1$\rho_0$. (a) Rank the densities according to the magnitude of the buoyant force on the penguin, greatest first.

Relevant Equations

$\rho = \frac{m}{V}$
$p = \frac{F}{A}$

The book claims the answer is that all the magnitudes are the same because "the gravitational force on the penguin is the same". I'm having trouble understanding this. I thought the buoyant force was equal to the weight of the fluid displaced. Weight depends on mass which depends on density. Therefore, due to the differing densities the buoyant force will be different in each case? Is this incorrect?

 

[I_Try_Math]

I can see now that my reasoning doesn't work because it assumes the volume of water displaced is constant. I'll have to think about this some more.

 

[haruspex]

I can see now that my reasoning doesn't work because it assumes the volume of water displaced is constant. I'll have to think about this some more.

What did Archimedes realise about the quantity of fluid displaced by a floating object?

 

[I_Try_Math]

What did Archimedes realise about the quantity of fluid displaced by a floating object?

That the weight of the displaced fluid will be equal to the weight of the floating object, I believe. I think I understand why the answer in the textbook is correct.

 

[mjc123]

Remember: a floating body displaces its own weight of fluid;
A submerged body displaces its own volume of fluid.
Whether it floats or sinks depends on its own density relative to the fluid.

 

[haruspex]

I have always assumed that Archimedes figured this out by imagining replacing the submerged portion with an equal volume of water, exactly filling the void in the water that would be created by removing the submerged portion. Clearly that water would float, so the force exerted on it by the surrounding water must be equal to its weight.