Manifold & Metric: Does it Need a Metric?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion centers around the question of whether a manifold necessarily requires a metric, exploring the existence of manifolds without metrics and the implications of different types of metrics in manifold theory. The scope includes theoretical considerations and conceptual clarifications regarding topological and differentiable manifolds.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Conceptual clarification
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • Some participants argue that while a manifold is locally Euclidean and must have a local metric, it does not necessarily imply the existence of a global metric between all points.
  • One participant outlines a hierarchy of structures leading to different types of manifolds, emphasizing that adding a metric transforms a differentiable manifold into a Riemannian or Pseudo-Riemannian manifold.
  • It is noted that topological manifolds do not necessarily admit a metric, with examples such as the Prüfer manifold provided to illustrate non-metrizable manifolds.
  • Another participant highlights the distinction between "metric space" and "metric tensor," suggesting that while related, they represent different concepts within manifold theory.
  • There is a mention of the fundamental local versus global distinction in manifold theory, indicating that even with a defined metric tensor, multiple notions of distance may arise that do not align with traditional metric space concepts.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the necessity of a metric for manifolds, with some asserting that certain manifolds can exist without metrics, while others emphasize the importance of local metrics. The discussion remains unresolved regarding the implications of these differing perspectives.

Contextual Notes

Limitations include the potential ambiguity in definitions of metrics and the conditions under which a manifold may or may not be metrizable, as well as the varying interpretations of distance in manifold theory.

princeton118
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Does a manifold necessarily have a metric?
Does a manifold without metric exist? If it exists, what is its name?
 
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Since a manifold is locally Euclidean, it must always have a local metric. However, it does not follow that there will be a "distance" between ANY two points and so there may not be a "global" metric.
 
the hierarchy is something like this. You take a set. Add a topology. It becomes a tpological space. Add an atlas, it becomes a topological manifold. Change for a differentiable atlas. It becomes a differential manifold. Add a Riemannian or Pseudo-Riemannian of Lorentzian or whatever metric and it becomes a Riemannian (resp. Pseudo-Riemannian, Lorentzian, whatever) manifold.
 
Topological manifolds (sets with a topology locally homeomorphic to Rn) do not necessarily admit a metric. There are then many non-metrizable manifolds, such as the Prüfer manifold. Urysohn's metrization theorem will let you know if your manifold is metrizable.
 
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Ditto slider142 about topological manifolds. I have a hunch the OP will need to know that "metric space" is not the same thing as the notion of "metric tensor" from Riemannian geometry, although they are certainly related. But "metric tensor" from Lorentzian geometry is not much like "metric" from "metric space"!

About smooth manifolds: you can give a smooth manifold additional structure, perhaps by defining a Riemannian or Lorentzian metric tensor. As Halls hinted, as per the fundamental local versus global distinction in manifold theory, even after defining a Riemannian or Lorentzian metric tensor, there will be multiple distinct notions of "distance in the large" which may or not correspond roughly to the notion of "metric" fro m "metric space". In particular, Lorentzian metrics get their topology from the (locally euclidean) topological manifold structure, not from the bundled indefinite bilinear form.

(I'm being a bit more sloppy than usual due to PF sluggishness.)
 

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