Masses Over Pulley: Finding Acceleration and Tension

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A mass m1 of 5.9 kg on a frictionless table is connected to a hanging mass m2 of 2.5 kg via a pulley. The acceleration of block 1 is calculated to be 2.92 m/s², with the tension in the string determined to be 17.2 N. When the table is tilted at an angle of 75°, the dynamics change, requiring a reevaluation of acceleration and tension. The discussion also explores the critical angle at which the blocks will not accelerate and how varying angles affect the tension in the string. Overall, the analysis emphasizes the application of Newton's Second Law to solve for acceleration and tension in different scenarios.
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Homework Statement


A mass m1 = 5.9 kg rests on a frictionless table. It is connected by a massless and frictionless pulley to a second mass m2 = 2.5 kg that hangs freely.


Homework Equations


1)What is the magnitude of the acceleration of block 1?
2)What is the tension in the string?
3)Now the table is tilted at an angle of θ = 75° with respect to the vertical. Find the magnitude of the new acceleration of block 1.
4)At what “critical” angle will the blocks NOT accelerate at all?
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5)Now the angle is decreased past the “critical” angle so the system accelerates in the opposite direction. If θ = 38° find the magnitude of the acceleration.
6)Compare the tension in the string in each of the above cases on the incline:
Tθ at 75° = Tθcritical = Tθ at 38°
Tθ at 75° > Tθcritical > Tθ at 38°
Tθ at 75° < Tθcritical < Tθ at 38°

The Attempt at a Solution


It looks like you assumed the tension in the string was m2g. However, this cannot be true since it is accelerating down! Try using Newton's Second Law for both masses and then add the equations together (note that BOTH masses have acceleration).
 
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I found the answer to question on which is 2.92m/s^2.
And the answer to question 2 is 17.2N.
If anyone has any suggestions for the rest it would be greatly appreciated, Thanks!
 
The book claims the answer is that all the magnitudes are the same because "the gravitational force on the penguin is the same". I'm having trouble understanding this. I thought the buoyant force was equal to the weight of the fluid displaced. Weight depends on mass which depends on density. Therefore, due to the differing densities the buoyant force will be different in each case? Is this incorrect?

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