Method of Cylindrical Shells (Part 3)

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around finding the volume of a solid formed by rotating a region bounded by the curves \(y = -x^2 + 6x - 8\) and \(y = 0\) about a specified axis. Participants explore various methods for calculating this volume, including the disk and shell methods, while addressing the limits of integration and the axis of rotation.

Discussion Character

  • Technical explanation
  • Mathematical reasoning
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant initially identifies the limits of integration as -8 to 0 but questions how others arrive at 2 to 4, expressing confusion over the factoring process.
  • Another participant provides the factored form of the quadratic equation, suggesting the axis of rotation may be the x-axis.
  • Some participants discuss the volume calculation using both the disk and shell methods, detailing the formulas for arbitrary volumes and the integration process.
  • A participant proposes a general approach to similar problems by defining the parabolic boundary and its parameters, leading to a derived formula for volume.
  • There is a suggestion to explore multiple methods for solving the problem as a means of verification and practice.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the limits of integration and the methods to use for volume calculation. There is no consensus on the correct approach or the limits, and the discussion remains unresolved regarding the best method and interpretation of the problem.

Contextual Notes

Participants note the importance of correctly identifying the axis of rotation and the implications of the quadratic formula in determining the limits of integration. Some calculations and assumptions are left unverified, and the discussion reflects various interpretations of the problem setup.

shamieh
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The region bounded by the given curves is rotated about the specified axis. Find the volume of the resulting solid by any method..
$$y = -x^2 + 6x - 8, y = 0$$

so I got -8 to 0 for the integral by plotting the graph... How are they getting 2 to 4? You can't solve that by factoring? And when i plugged it into the quadratic formula i got 1 to 5

- - - Updated - - -

shamieh said:
The region bounded by the given curves is rotated about the specified axis. Find the volume of the resulting solid by any method..
$$y = -x^2 + 6x - 8, y = 0$$

so I got -8 to 0 for the integral by plotting the graph... How are they getting 2 to 4? You can't solve that by factoring? And when i plugged it into the quadratic formula i got 1 to 5

nevermind my god I am stupid I forgot to distribute the x

- - - Updated - - -

Actually I take that back, I still don't understand how they get 2 to 4.
 
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$$y=-x^2+6x-8=-\left(x^2-6x+8 \right)=-(x-2)(x-4)$$

What is the axis of rotation?
 
Oh i was the - sign... I see(Worried)
 
MarkFL said:
$$y=-x^2+6x-8=-\left(x^2-6x+8 \right)=-(x-2)(x-4)$$

What is the axis of rotation?

x axis?
 
shamieh said:
x axis?

Which method do you feel will be more straightforward, and can you give an element of the volume, that is, the volume of an arbitrary shell, disk or washer (depending on the method you choose)?

I actually recommend doing these problems more than one way when possible just for the practice and as a means of checking your result.
 
We can work this type of problem in general by requiring one of the roots of the parabolic boundary to be the origin, and the other on the positive $x$-axis.

So let the region be bounded by:

$$y=-kx(x-a)$$ and $$y=0$$, which is also the axis of rotation.

Note: $$0<k$$ and $$0<a$$.

Disk method:

The volume of an arbitrary disk is:

$$dV=\pi r^2\,dx$$

where:

$$r=y=-kx(x-a)$$

hence:

$$dV=\pi \left(-kx(x-a) \right)^2\,dx=\pi k^2\left(x^4-2ax^3+a^2x^2 \right)\,dx$$

Summing up the disks, we find:

$$V=\pi k^2\int_0^a x^4-2ax^3+a^2x^2\,dx$$

Applying the FTOC, we obtain:

$$V=\pi k^2\left[\frac{1}{5}x^5-\frac{a}{2}x^4+\frac{a^2}{3}x^3 \right]_0^a=\pi a^5k^2\left(\frac{1}{5}-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3} \right)=\frac{\pi a^5k^2}{30}$$

Shell method:

The volume of an arbitrary shell is:

$$dV=2\pi rh\,dy$$

where:

$$r=y$$

To find $h$, consider:

$$y=-kx(x-a)=-kx^2+akx$$

Arranged in standard quadratic form:

$$kx^2-akx+y=0$$

Application of the quadratic formula yields:

$$x=\frac{ak\pm\sqrt{a^2k^2-4ky}}{2k}$$

Hence:

$$h=\frac{ak+\sqrt{a^2k^2-4ky}}{2k}-\frac{ak-\sqrt{a^2k^2-4ky}}{2k}=\frac{\sqrt{a^2k^2-4ky}}{k}$$

And so we have:

$$dV=\frac{2\pi}{k}\left(y\sqrt{a^2k^2-4ky} \right)\,dy$$

To determine the upper limit of integration, we note that the axis of symmetry for the parabola is on $$x=\frac{a}{2}$$ and so the upper limit is:

$$y=-k\frac{a}{2}\left(\frac{a}{2}-a \right)=\frac{a^2k}{4}$$

And so the volume is given by:

$$V=\frac{2\pi}{k}\int_0^{\frac{a^2k}{4}} y\sqrt{a^2k^2-4ky}\,dy$$

At this point, we may want to develop a formula for the indefinite integral:

$$I=\int x\sqrt{a+bx}\,dx$$

Let's try the substitution:

$$u=a+bx\,\therefore\,du=b\,dx$$

Hence, the integral becomes:

$$I=\frac{1}{b^2}\int u^{\frac{3}{2}}-au^{\frac{1}{2}}\,du$$

Using the power rule, we find:

$$I=\frac{1}{b^2}\left(\frac{2}{5}u^{\frac{5}{2}}-\frac{2a}{3}u^{\frac{3}{2}} \right)+C=\frac{2}{15b^2}u^{\frac{3}{2}}\left(3u-5a \right)+C$$

Back-substituting for $u$, we obtain:

$$I=\frac{2}{15b^2}(a+bx)^{\frac{3}{2}}\left(3(a+bx)-5a \right)+C$$

$$I=\frac{2}{15b^2}(a+bx)^{\frac{3}{2}}\left(3bx-2a \right)+C$$

Now, applying this to our volume, we get through the application of the FTOC:

$$V=\frac{\pi}{60k^3}\left[\left(a^2k^2-4ky \right)^{\frac{3}{2}}(-12ky-2a^2k^2) \right]_0^{\frac{a^2k}{4}}=\frac{\pi}{60k^3}\left(0+2a^5k^5 \right)$$

And thus:

$$V=\frac{\pi a^5k^2}{30}$$

Applying this formula to the given problem, we then find:

$$V=\frac{\pi 2^51^2}{30}=\frac{16\pi}{15}$$
 

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