Method of Cylindrical Shells (Part 3)

  • Context: MHB 
  • Thread starter Thread starter shamieh
  • Start date Start date
  • Tags Tags
    Cylindrical Method
Click For Summary
SUMMARY

The forum discussion focuses on calculating the volume of a solid formed by rotating the region bounded by the curves \(y = -x^2 + 6x - 8\) and \(y = 0\) around the x-axis. The correct limits of integration for this problem are determined to be from \(x = 2\) to \(x = 4\), as derived from factoring the quadratic equation. The discussion also explores both the disk and shell methods for volume calculation, ultimately confirming that the volume is \(\frac{16\pi}{15}\) using the derived formulas.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of quadratic equations and their roots
  • Familiarity with volume calculation methods, specifically the disk and shell methods
  • Knowledge of the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus (FTOC)
  • Ability to perform integration and apply substitution techniques
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the application of the disk method for volume calculations in calculus
  • Learn about the shell method and its advantages in certain volume problems
  • Explore the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus and its applications in finding volumes
  • Practice solving quadratic equations and their graphical interpretations
USEFUL FOR

Students and educators in calculus, particularly those focusing on volume calculations and methods of integration. This discussion is beneficial for anyone looking to deepen their understanding of solid geometry and integration techniques.

shamieh
Messages
538
Reaction score
0
The region bounded by the given curves is rotated about the specified axis. Find the volume of the resulting solid by any method..
$$y = -x^2 + 6x - 8, y = 0$$

so I got -8 to 0 for the integral by plotting the graph... How are they getting 2 to 4? You can't solve that by factoring? And when i plugged it into the quadratic formula i got 1 to 5

- - - Updated - - -

shamieh said:
The region bounded by the given curves is rotated about the specified axis. Find the volume of the resulting solid by any method..
$$y = -x^2 + 6x - 8, y = 0$$

so I got -8 to 0 for the integral by plotting the graph... How are they getting 2 to 4? You can't solve that by factoring? And when i plugged it into the quadratic formula i got 1 to 5

nevermind my god I am stupid I forgot to distribute the x

- - - Updated - - -

Actually I take that back, I still don't understand how they get 2 to 4.
 
Physics news on Phys.org
$$y=-x^2+6x-8=-\left(x^2-6x+8 \right)=-(x-2)(x-4)$$

What is the axis of rotation?
 
Oh i was the - sign... I see(Worried)
 
MarkFL said:
$$y=-x^2+6x-8=-\left(x^2-6x+8 \right)=-(x-2)(x-4)$$

What is the axis of rotation?

x axis?
 
shamieh said:
x axis?

Which method do you feel will be more straightforward, and can you give an element of the volume, that is, the volume of an arbitrary shell, disk or washer (depending on the method you choose)?

I actually recommend doing these problems more than one way when possible just for the practice and as a means of checking your result.
 
We can work this type of problem in general by requiring one of the roots of the parabolic boundary to be the origin, and the other on the positive $x$-axis.

So let the region be bounded by:

$$y=-kx(x-a)$$ and $$y=0$$, which is also the axis of rotation.

Note: $$0<k$$ and $$0<a$$.

Disk method:

The volume of an arbitrary disk is:

$$dV=\pi r^2\,dx$$

where:

$$r=y=-kx(x-a)$$

hence:

$$dV=\pi \left(-kx(x-a) \right)^2\,dx=\pi k^2\left(x^4-2ax^3+a^2x^2 \right)\,dx$$

Summing up the disks, we find:

$$V=\pi k^2\int_0^a x^4-2ax^3+a^2x^2\,dx$$

Applying the FTOC, we obtain:

$$V=\pi k^2\left[\frac{1}{5}x^5-\frac{a}{2}x^4+\frac{a^2}{3}x^3 \right]_0^a=\pi a^5k^2\left(\frac{1}{5}-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3} \right)=\frac{\pi a^5k^2}{30}$$

Shell method:

The volume of an arbitrary shell is:

$$dV=2\pi rh\,dy$$

where:

$$r=y$$

To find $h$, consider:

$$y=-kx(x-a)=-kx^2+akx$$

Arranged in standard quadratic form:

$$kx^2-akx+y=0$$

Application of the quadratic formula yields:

$$x=\frac{ak\pm\sqrt{a^2k^2-4ky}}{2k}$$

Hence:

$$h=\frac{ak+\sqrt{a^2k^2-4ky}}{2k}-\frac{ak-\sqrt{a^2k^2-4ky}}{2k}=\frac{\sqrt{a^2k^2-4ky}}{k}$$

And so we have:

$$dV=\frac{2\pi}{k}\left(y\sqrt{a^2k^2-4ky} \right)\,dy$$

To determine the upper limit of integration, we note that the axis of symmetry for the parabola is on $$x=\frac{a}{2}$$ and so the upper limit is:

$$y=-k\frac{a}{2}\left(\frac{a}{2}-a \right)=\frac{a^2k}{4}$$

And so the volume is given by:

$$V=\frac{2\pi}{k}\int_0^{\frac{a^2k}{4}} y\sqrt{a^2k^2-4ky}\,dy$$

At this point, we may want to develop a formula for the indefinite integral:

$$I=\int x\sqrt{a+bx}\,dx$$

Let's try the substitution:

$$u=a+bx\,\therefore\,du=b\,dx$$

Hence, the integral becomes:

$$I=\frac{1}{b^2}\int u^{\frac{3}{2}}-au^{\frac{1}{2}}\,du$$

Using the power rule, we find:

$$I=\frac{1}{b^2}\left(\frac{2}{5}u^{\frac{5}{2}}-\frac{2a}{3}u^{\frac{3}{2}} \right)+C=\frac{2}{15b^2}u^{\frac{3}{2}}\left(3u-5a \right)+C$$

Back-substituting for $u$, we obtain:

$$I=\frac{2}{15b^2}(a+bx)^{\frac{3}{2}}\left(3(a+bx)-5a \right)+C$$

$$I=\frac{2}{15b^2}(a+bx)^{\frac{3}{2}}\left(3bx-2a \right)+C$$

Now, applying this to our volume, we get through the application of the FTOC:

$$V=\frac{\pi}{60k^3}\left[\left(a^2k^2-4ky \right)^{\frac{3}{2}}(-12ky-2a^2k^2) \right]_0^{\frac{a^2k}{4}}=\frac{\pi}{60k^3}\left(0+2a^5k^5 \right)$$

And thus:

$$V=\frac{\pi a^5k^2}{30}$$

Applying this formula to the given problem, we then find:

$$V=\frac{\pi 2^51^2}{30}=\frac{16\pi}{15}$$
 

Similar threads

  • · Replies 1 ·
Replies
1
Views
2K
  • · Replies 3 ·
Replies
3
Views
2K
  • · Replies 2 ·
Replies
2
Views
1K
  • · Replies 2 ·
Replies
2
Views
2K
  • · Replies 1 ·
Replies
1
Views
2K
  • · Replies 3 ·
Replies
3
Views
3K
  • · Replies 3 ·
Replies
3
Views
1K
  • · Replies 1 ·
Replies
1
Views
1K
  • · Replies 1 ·
Replies
1
Views
2K
  • · Replies 13 ·
Replies
13
Views
3K