Michelson Interferometer (Zero Path Difference)

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on calculating the necessary movement of a mirror in a Michelson interferometer to achieve zero path difference using a laser with a wavelength of 514.5 nm. The Haidinger fringe pattern is analyzed, with diameters of adjacent fringes measured at 1.53 mm and 2.62 mm. The relevant equations include the effective path difference and the relationship between fringe radius, focal length, and wavelength. The user seeks clarification on the concept of zero path difference, which requires equalizing the optical path lengths from the beamsplitter to both mirrors.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of Michelson interferometer principles
  • Familiarity with Haidinger fringes and their equations
  • Knowledge of optical path length and its significance
  • Basic proficiency in algebra for rearranging equations
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the derivation of Haidinger fringe equations in detail
  • Learn about the implications of zero path difference in interferometry
  • Explore the effects of wavelength on fringe visibility and spacing
  • Investigate practical applications of Michelson interferometers in scientific research
USEFUL FOR

Students studying optics, physicists working with interferometry, and researchers interested in precision measurement techniques.

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Homework Statement


A Michelson interferometer is illuminated with a laser with a wavelength of 514.5nm. A Haidinger fringe pattern is photographed with a lens of focal length 55mm. The diameter of the two adjacent circular fringes in the image are 1.53mm and 2.62mm.

How far would the mirror that is further away from the beamsplitter need to be moved in order to set the interferometer at zero path difference?

Homework Equations



Haidinger Fringe, rp

rp = f √ (pλ/d)

rp = f [ (( 1 - pλ/d )^-2) - 1 ] ^(1/2)

cosθp = f / √ ( rp2 + f2 = [ 1 - (pλ / 2d) ]

2d(1-cosθp) = pλ

rp = f [ (( 1 - 2d(1-cosθp/2d )^-2) - 1 ] ^(1/2)

Path Difference = 2dcosθ

The Attempt at a Solution



∴ 0.00131m = 0.055m [ (( 1 - 2*0.05(0.000283516/2*0.05 )^-2) - 1 ]^(1/2)

Effective path difference
2d*cosθ

2*0.05*0.999716484 = 0.0999716484 m

0.999716484 cm

I was trying to write an equation for Haidinger's fringes that was independent of p so I could solve the problem. I think I did that correctly, but I'm not sure if the rest of my working is correct. I couldn't rearrange the equation to solve for d, but would like some help doing that.

I'm a bit confused by the zero path difference question too. Does that mean they want the path difference to = 0. This wouldn't make sense, but I can't really find any literature on what zero path difference is.
 
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says said:
I'm a bit confused by the zero path difference question too. Does that mean they want the path difference to = 0. This wouldn't make sense, but I can't really find any literature on what zero path difference is.
Doesn't this mean to set the path length between the beam splitter and one mirror equal to the path length between the beam splitter and the other mirror?
 

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