Neutron Decay and the Weak Force

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the decay of neutrons and the role of the weak force in this process. Participants explore the mechanisms behind neutron decay, the influence of external fields, and comparisons with other particle decays, specifically focusing on theoretical and conceptual aspects of weak interactions.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Conceptual clarification
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant states that a neutron decays with a half-life of around 12 minutes via the weak mechanism and questions whether decay is influenced by external weak fields or internal forces.
  • Another participant asserts that a neutron isolated in empty space will still decay, emphasizing that the decay is due to internal forces rather than external fields.
  • A participant reflects on the response received and indicates a need for further thought before posing a follow-up question.
  • It is suggested that a neutron decays into a proton to reach a lower energy state, with the caveat that neutrons in stable nuclei do not decay due to energy considerations.
  • A participant inquires whether an external weak field is necessary for neutron decay, referencing a statement about decay occurring if permitted by the laws of physics.
  • One participant expresses uncertainty about the concept of an external weak field but believes decay will occur regardless.
  • Another participant draws an analogy between external weak fields and external electromagnetic fields, questioning if a neutral pion requires an external electromagnetic field to decay.
  • A participant concludes that the neutral pion does not need an external field to decay, explaining that its decay involves energy transitioning into the electromagnetic field without requiring an external source.
  • It is clarified that the neutron decays via the weak force due to the transformation of quarks, with no external weak field necessary for the decay process.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants generally agree that neutron decay occurs due to internal mechanisms and does not require external fields. However, there is ongoing exploration and questioning regarding the nature of weak fields and comparisons with other particle decays, indicating some unresolved aspects and differing interpretations.

Contextual Notes

Participants express varying levels of understanding regarding the concepts of external weak fields and their implications for particle decay, suggesting potential limitations in definitions and assumptions about decay mechanisms.

HeavyWater
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I believe the neutron decays with a half life around 12 minutes via the weak mechanism. I'm wondering what causes a particular neutron to decay. At the moment the neutron decays, has it encountered (run into) a stray weak field? Or ... does the neutron decay just because of internal forces? If we could build something like a Faraday cage that would keep out the weak force, then would a neutron inside that Faraday cage decay?
Thanks,
 
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A neutron totally isolated in empty space, with no externally imposed fields, will still decay. The decay is not due to a stray field from outside. Yes, it decays because of internal forces.
 
Thank you for your quick response bcrowell. I've done some more homework and am thinking about your response. I'm going to enter a follow up question--but I need to think about it some more.
Thanks
 
A short answer is that a neutron decays because by decaying into a proton, it enters the lowest energy state possible for it, which is a proton. Neutrons in a nucleus of an atom don't decay (Except in unstable elements) because changing into a proton would cause the nucleus to enter a higher energy state due to the repulsiveness of protons to each other.
 
Thank you Drakkith. You answered it so clearly, it sounds obvious now that you said it. I do have a little follow up to the question. I am aware that when the neutron decays in free space, it is via the Weak interaction. Does the neutron have to enter an external weak field for it to decay? That is, is an external weak field supplying the weak mechanism?

I saw a statement on one of these forums that any decay will occur if it is allowed by the laws of physics (by which I think they meant by the laws of the Standard model). If this statement is true (and I'm sure it is), then the neutron can decay in the absense of an external weak field.

Thanks to all of you for your patience,
 
I don't know what an external weak field is, but I believe it will happen regardless.
 
Thank you again Drakkith,
I was thinking of an "external weak field" as an analogy to an external electromagnetic field. The only other example I can think of is for the neutral pion. It decays by the electromagnetic mechanism. So, does the neutral pion have to reside in an external electromagnetic field to decay?
Thanks to you an everyone else for your patience
 
HeavyWater said:
Thank you again Drakkith,
I was thinking of an "external weak field" as an analogy to an external electromagnetic field. The only other example I can think of is for the neutral pion. It decays by the electromagnetic mechanism. So, does the neutral pion have to reside in an external electromagnetic field to decay?
Thanks to you an everyone else for your patience

From what I've read I don't believe it needs an external field to decay. It looks like it simply decays by the electromagnetic force, similar to how the charged pion decays by the weak force.
 
HeavyWater said:
The only other example I can think of is for the neutral pion. It decays by the electromagnetic mechanism. So, does the neutral pion have to reside in an external electromagnetic field to decay?

No. The neutral pion is said to decay via the electromagnetic force because when the pion decays its energy goes into the electromagnetic field, i.e. into photons. But this doesn't require any externally imposed electromagnetic field. Similarly the neutron is said to decay via the weak force because what happens is that one of its up quarks turns into a down quark plus a W boson, one of the carrier particles of the weak force. (The W then decays into an electron and an antineutrino.)
 

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