Newton's third law and free body diagrams

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on the application of Newton's third law and free body diagrams (FBD) in analyzing a system of three blocks (m1, m2, m3) on a frictionless surface. The net force on block m1 is determined using the equation Fnet = ma, resulting in an acceleration of 1.95 m/s². The confusion arises regarding the forces acting on m1, particularly the force exerted by m2 on m1, which is not equivalent to the applied force on m1. It is clarified that while Newton's third law states that forces are equal and opposite, the force exerted by m1 on m2 does not count as a force acting on m1 itself.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of Newton's laws of motion, particularly Newton's second and third laws.
  • Ability to draw and interpret free body diagrams (FBD).
  • Basic knowledge of force, mass, and acceleration relationships.
  • Familiarity with the concept of net force and its calculation.
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the principles of free body diagrams in more complex systems.
  • Learn how to apply Newton's second law to multiple object systems.
  • Explore the implications of Newton's third law in real-world scenarios.
  • Review examples of frictionless surfaces and their effects on motion.
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Students studying physics, particularly those focusing on mechanics, as well as educators looking for examples of Newton's laws in action.

kathyt.25
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Homework Statement


"Three blocks (m1, m2 and m3) are in contact with each other on a frictionless, horizontal surface. A horizontal force is applied to m1.
http://i4.photobucket.com/albums/y111/kathy_felldown/sb-pic0556.png
What is the net force on block 1? "

When drawing free body diagrams for this system, I know that you are only supposed to include forces acting upon THAT object, but I wasn't sure if I always needed to take Newton's third law into account. For example, would the FBD for object m1 have these forces:
- weight pointing down
- normal pointing up
- applied force pointing right
- force exerted by m2 ON m1... but I have no idea how to calculate this value!

What confuses me about Newton's third law is that if there is always an equal and opposite force, wouldn't that mean that the two objects that are in contact, wouldn't move at all even if a force is applied in one direction? Because isn't the force that's applied on m2 by m1 equal and opposite to the applied force, since the applied force is what is "forcing" m1 to move m2? Or is the force exerted on m2 by m1 NOT EQUIVALENT to the applied force?


Homework Equations


Fnet = ma


The Attempt at a Solution


I found acceleration by calculating the Fnet = m(total)*a
a = 17.9 / (1.61 + 3.39 + 4.16) = 1.95m/s/s

Just for curiosity, I tried the Fnet = (1.61kg)(1.95m/s/s) = 3.14N and it was correct.
I have no idea why the applied force, 17.9N is not considered in this... OR the force of m2 on m1 (according to Newton's 3rd law)
 
Last edited:
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You seem to have identified all the forces exerted ON m1.
These are what you need to add when applying Newton's 2nd
Law to m1.
The force exerted by m1 on m2 is NOT a force exerted on m1!
 

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