Number of Angular Momentum States (3 particles)

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The discussion focuses on determining the number of angular momentum states for a three-particle system, building on the known values for two particles. The initial calculations suggest a method of multiplying the states from two-particle combinations, leading to potentially inflated totals. Participants clarify that the total angular momentum states should not be overcounted, emphasizing that the relevant values are defined solely by their numerical values and degeneracies. Ultimately, it is concluded that there are 27 distinct states when properly accounting for the combinations of angular momentum values from the three particles. The conversation highlights the complexity of combining angular momentum states and the importance of understanding the underlying principles to avoid miscalculations.
  • #31
Thanks. I was thinking about when one has only one singlet.
 
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  • #32
Vanadium 50 said:
You're right, on that.

The fully antisymmetric state is unique, by inspection. Every other bit of my argument is invalid. (But I still suspect a theorem)

Here's a symmetry argument for the three spin-1 case.

First, we analyse by ##j## values (as before):

##j = 3## has ##7## levels
##j = 2## has ##5## levels
##j = 1## has ##3## levels
##j = 0## has ##1## level

There are numerous ways to meet the condition of degeneracies, assuming a common degeneracy across each level.

Then, we analyse by ##m## value:

##m = 3## is ##1## dimensional
##m = 2## is ##3## dimensional (cycles of ##110##)
##m =1## is ##6## dimensional (cycles of ##100## and ##11-1##
##m = 0## is ##7## dimensional (cycles of ##10-1## and ##000##)

Now, ##J^2## is symmetric and preserves the ##m##-value, hence preserves the above dimensionality, in terms of ##|j m \rangle ## eigenstates. That might be your theorem:

There is only one ##m = 3## state, hence ##j = 3## has degeneracy ##1## - i.e. no degeneracy (as previously established).

##m = 2## is ##3## dimensional. One dimension is for ##j = 3##, leaving two for ##j = 2##. Hence ##j = 2## has degeneracy ##2##.

Looking at ##m = 1## implies ##j = 1## has degeneracy ##3##.

And ##m = 0## implies ##j =0## has degeneracy ##1##.

Looking at the negative values gives the same answer. So, we have, as expected:

##j = 3## has ##7## levels with degeneracy ##1##
##j = 2## has ##5## levels with degeneracy ##2##
##j = 1## has ##3## levels with degeneracy ##3##
##j = 0## has ##1## level degeneracy ##1##

The same argument also works for the established result in the four-electron case.
 
  • #33
So the theorem is that for addition of 2 or 3 integral angular momenta j, there is exactly one singlet. For more angular momenta the number of singlets is larger: ten j = 1 have 603 singlets.

For four j = 1, the number of singlets is 2j + 1. For five, it's (5j2 = 5j + 2)/2.
 

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