The Open University allows you to complete a degree via distance learning. There are a number of courses in each subject, and you must complete a certain number of courses to gain your degree. (And if you want an honours degree, you must attend a certain number of 'residential weeks', where you spend a week in the labs of a brick uni).
I am currently studying for a BSc in Physics with them, and the quality of the material is superb. In fact, the Open University is in the top 4 universities in the UK for results and quality of teaching, but doesn't appear in any league tables as it is classed as a 'part time' university).
Anyway, that's enough of me extolling its virtues. With regards to your question - I'm not sure if there is anything similar in the US!