Open subset of R written as a countable union of pairwise disjoint open intervals?

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the theorem stating that every non-empty open set G in ℝ can be uniquely expressed as a finite or countably infinite union of pairwise disjoint open intervals. The user expresses confusion regarding the proof, particularly the definitions of αx and βx in relation to the open set G. They mistakenly assume that Ix, defined as (αx, βx), is equivalent to G itself, leading to misunderstandings about the nature of open sets in ℝ. The user highlights that not all open sets are intervals, using examples such as (-1,0) ∪ (0,1) and (0,1) ∪ (2,3) to illustrate their point.

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  • Understanding of open sets in real analysis
  • Familiarity with the concepts of infimum and supremum
  • Knowledge of pairwise disjoint sets
  • Basic grasp of the properties of intervals in ℝ
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  • Study the proof of the theorem regarding open sets in ℝ from "Intro to Real Analysis" by Lee
  • Explore the concept of compactness in topology
  • Learn about the properties of infimum and supremum in real analysis
  • Investigate examples of open sets that are not intervals in ℝ
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Mathematicians, students of real analysis, and anyone interested in understanding the properties of open sets and their representations in ℝ.

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I wasn't sure if I should post this in the analysis or topology forum, but this seems to be closely related to compactness so I thought I'd post it here. When dealing with ℝ, the following theorem seems to be really important:"Every non-empty open set G in ℝ can be uniquely expressed as a finite or countably infinite union of pairwise disjoint open intervals in ℝ"Unfortunately, I have a very difficult time figuring out this proof even though apparently it seems like it's supposed to be pretty obvious. Sadly, the theorem doesn't even make intuitive sense to me. The proofs I see all start at like this:

(I'm just copying from this example document http://www.math.louisville.edu/~lee/RealAnalysis/IntroRealAnal-ch05.pdf , the proof on the top of page 5-7, because this seems to be a common way to tackle this proof)

"Let G be open in R. For x ∈ G let αx = inf {y | (y, x] ⊂ G} and βx =
sup {y| [x, y) ⊂ G}. The fact that G is open implies αx < x < βx. Define Ix = (αx, βx). Then Ix ⊂ G"

Here is where my confusion begins: isn't Ix G itself? We know G is an open interval on ℝ, so G = (a,b) for some a < b. So isn't αx = a and βx =
sup {y| [x, y) ⊂ G} = b? I mean just by def of sup and inf? I feel this is where all my confusion stems from and if I could clear up my faulty logic at this step I could digest the remainder of the proof.
 
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Not all open sets are intervals in \mathbb{R}. Take the set (-1,0) \cup (0,1) for example.
 


Why do you think G is an open interval?? The theorem merely says that G is an open set. Not all open sets are open intervals! An easy example is (0,1)\cup (2,3).
 


aaaaah, thanks guys! I'm facepalming at the moment...
 

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