Photonuclear activation of ground

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on the photonuclear activation of ground materials, specifically identifying isotopes that are sensitive to gamma-ray activation. Key isotopes include Be-9 and D, which undergo reactions at thresholds of 1.67 MeV and 2.23 MeV, respectively, producing radioactive C-14. Other isotopes such as N-14 and O-16 have higher activation thresholds of 10.5 MeV and 16.6 MeV, respectively. The conversation suggests plotting photon-reaction cross-sections of common ground isotopes like Si, O, Al, Mg, Ca, and Fe to determine the most probable reactions and activation energies.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of photonuclear reactions and their thresholds
  • Familiarity with isotopes such as Be-9, D, N-14, and O-16
  • Knowledge of radioactive decay processes, specifically C-14 production
  • Ability to interpret and analyze photon-reaction cross-section data
NEXT STEPS
  • Research photonuclear reaction mechanisms and their applications in materials science
  • Learn about the properties and applications of isotopes like Be-9 and C-14
  • Investigate methods for plotting photon-reaction cross-sections
  • Explore the implications of gamma-ray activation in environmental science and safety
USEFUL FOR

Researchers in nuclear physics, environmental scientists, and professionals involved in radiation safety and materials analysis will benefit from this discussion.

snorkack
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Which energy gamma rays would significantly activate ground and buildings?

The most sensitive stable isotopes for photonuclear reactions are Be-9 and D. The reactions are
Be-9+hnu->2*alpha+n, threshold 1,67 MeV, followed in air by
N-14+n->C-14+p
where C-14 is radioactive, and
d+hnu->p+n, threshold 2,23 MeV, followed by same C-14 in air.
Dry air has lowest photonuclear reaction
N-14+hnu->N-13+n, threshold 10,5 MeV, where N-13 is radioactive and n likewise produces C-14
O-16 has activation threshold 16,6 MeV
So how about irradiation of ground? Between the common isotopes of common elements in ground and buildings
Si, O, Al, Mg, Ca, Fe
which have lowest threshold for photonuclear reactions whereby radioactive isotopes are produced?
 
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I did not encounter such search before, but I think a way to approach the answer is: plotting the photon-reaction cross-sections of common isotopes found in ground* and noticing what are the most probable reactions to take place. By that, you will have the isotopes that have highest probability of activation and you will get the energy of the photon that would cause such activation.

*https://www-nds.iaea.org/
 

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