Physics Basics: Capacitor Charging & Discharging

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on the principles of capacitor charging and discharging within an electrical circuit. During capacitor charging, the battery serves as the energy source that pushes charges into the capacitor, creating a separation of positive and negative charges on its plates. Conversely, during discharging, the stored energy in the capacitor is released back into the circuit, allowing the charges to flow through the connected components. The analogy of an air capacitor illustrates how charge motion occurs due to the attraction between opposite charges when the circuit is completed.

PREREQUISITES
  • Basic understanding of electrical circuits
  • Knowledge of capacitor function and behavior
  • Familiarity with charge movement and electric fields
  • Concept of energy storage in capacitors
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the principles of electric fields and potential difference in capacitors
  • Learn about the mathematical equations governing capacitor charging and discharging
  • Explore the role of resistors in RC (resistor-capacitor) circuits
  • Investigate practical applications of capacitors in electronic devices
USEFUL FOR

Students of physics, electrical engineers, and anyone interested in understanding the fundamentals of capacitors and their behavior in circuits.

katchakern200
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Here is the question that I'm given:

Consider a circuit with a capacitor, battery, wire, and bulb. Describe the source(s) of charge during:

1. capacitor charging
2. capacitor discharging

What is the cause of charge motion during capacitor charging?

Using the analogy of the air capacitor, what do you think might be the cause of charge motion during capacitor discharging?

My solution: I thought that the battery in a circuit provided the energy for the charge to move through, but would this be a correct answer to the first question? Wouldn't the charge come from the discharged capacitor when the capacitor is discharged? For the second question, "What is the cause of charge of motion during capacitor charging?" I have no idea what to write. I don't even get what the question is asking. For the last question, I don't understand it either. I just need some help in understanding all of this!




The Attempt at a Solution

 
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Think of the capacitor as two sheets of metal, separated by a bit of air.
If the capacitor is charged, then one sheet will hold positive charges (or lack of negative charges) and the other sheet will hold negative charges. What do you know about when these two types of charges meet? They attract each other! But since the charges cannot go through the air, they have to go through the rest of the circuit.
If the capacitor is being charged then something must 'push' the charges back into the sheets so they don't flow back to each other (through the circuit). The battery is ofcourse what supplies the energy to do this.

Now consider what happens when the battery is switched off. What are the charges going to do? So what is the source of energy to discharge the capacitor?
 

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