Precession of Mercury and period of rotation

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the precession of Mercury's orbit, specifically the perihelion, which is the point where Mercury is closest to the Sun. It is established that Mercury's orbit precesses at a rate of 43 arc seconds per century, a phenomenon that could not be fully explained by Newtonian physics. Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity successfully accounted for this discrepancy, providing a deeper understanding of gravitational effects on planetary motion.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of celestial mechanics
  • Familiarity with Newton's laws of motion
  • Basic knowledge of general relativity
  • Concept of orbital precession
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the mathematical derivation of Mercury's perihelion precession using general relativity
  • Explore the implications of orbital precession in other celestial bodies
  • Investigate the historical context of the discrepancies in Newtonian predictions
  • Learn about modern tests of general relativity and their significance
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Astronomers, physicists, and students of astrophysics interested in planetary motion and the implications of general relativity on celestial mechanics.

vinven7
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HI - we know that the orbit of mercury precesses (I hope I am using the right terminology here). Which basically means that the orbit seems to undergo some sort of rotation in the ecliptic plane. Does this also mean that the period of Mercury's orbit as seen from the Earth is not uniform but changes with each orbit? (Please let me know if this question is clear enough, perhaps I am not expressing it well enough)
 
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vinven7 said:
HI - we know that the orbit of mercury precesses (I hope I am using the right terminology here). Which basically means that the orbit seems to undergo some sort of rotation in the ecliptic plane. Does this also mean that the period of Mercury's orbit as seen from the Earth is not uniform but changes with each orbit? (Please let me know if this question is clear enough, perhaps I am not expressing it well enough)
I don't know about the period of Mercury's orbit, but the perihelion, the point at which Mercury is closest to the sun, is what precesses, or moves around the sun over time:

http://physics.ucr.edu/~wudka/Physics7/Notes_www/node98.html

The orbits of all the planets in the solar system precess to some degree, but Mercury's is the one which caused the most problems. The amount of precession observed differed slightly from what was predicted using Newton's laws of motion, by an amount 43 arc seconds per century. Many attempts at resolving this discrepancy using Newtonian physics alone failed, but Einstein was able to show, using his general theory of relativity, how much the orbit of Mercury should precess.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_relativity

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tests_of_general_relativity
 

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