Precipitation hardening and martensitic transformation are both hardening mechanisms but differ significantly in their processes and applications. Martensitic transformation specifically involves the restructuring of the crystal lattice in iron-carbon alloys, primarily steel, achieved through cooling and quenching. In contrast, precipitation hardening is a more general mechanism applicable to various alloys, including aluminum, copper, and titanium, where hardening occurs through the formation of intermetallic phases. While some steel compositions can also undergo precipitation hardening, it is less common compared to its use in non-ferrous alloys. Understanding these differences is crucial for selecting appropriate hardening methods for specific materials.