Principal root of a Complex Number

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The discussion focuses on finding the fourth roots of the complex number (-8 - 8√3i) and identifying the principal root. The calculated roots are ±(√3 - i) and ±(1 + √3i), which can be represented as vertices of a square on a graph. The principal root is determined by the standardized argument, which is the angle associated with the root in polar coordinates. The participants clarify that the principal root is the one with the least argument among the four roots. Understanding the arrangement of roots as vertices of a square is essential for visualizing their relationships.
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Homework Statement


Find all the roots in rectangular coordinates, exhibit them as vertices of certain squares, and point out which is the principal root.


The Attempt at a Solution



The problem is (-8 -8\sqrt{3}i)^{\frac{1}{4}} and I found the four roots easily to be

\pm(\sqrt{3} - i), \pm(1 + \sqrt{3}i). So when it says to exhibit them as vertices of certain squares does this mean I should just graph the four points? and it should be a square.

Also as for which point is the principal root I have no clue. I am guessing it has something to do with principal argument but I am having trouble finding much information on principal roots.
 
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For any non-zero complex number, its fourth roots are arranged on the vertices of a square. You are being asked to verify this for the given number.

If I'm not mistaken, the principal root is the root whose standardized argument is least.

--Elucidus
 
Question: A clock's minute hand has length 4 and its hour hand has length 3. What is the distance between the tips at the moment when it is increasing most rapidly?(Putnam Exam Question) Answer: Making assumption that both the hands moves at constant angular velocities, the answer is ## \sqrt{7} .## But don't you think this assumption is somewhat doubtful and wrong?

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