# Proof using the closed graph theorem

1. Jan 5, 2015

### A_B

Hi,

I'm stuck on a problem in functional analysis. Let x be a sequence on the Natural nummers such that for any square summable sequence y, the product sequence xy is absolutely summable. Then x is square summable.

Hint : Use the Closed graph theorem.

If I can prove the map Tx : y -> xy had a closed graph then It Follows from the Closed graph theorem that Tx is bounded and therefore that x is square summable, but I cant seem to show that the graph is Closed. Am I following the right path? Any hints?

Thanks

2. Jan 9, 2015

### Hawkeye18

Yes, you are on the right path. You need to show that your operator $T_x:\ell^2\to\ell^1$, $T_x y = xy$, where the product means entrywise product is closed. This fact is very simple, almost a triviality: it follows from the fact that convergence in any $\ell^p$ implies the entry wise convergence.

Let me explain; to avoid mess with double indices, I'll use the "functional notation" for sequences, i.e. a sequence $x$ will be $x=(x(1), x(2), \ldots)$. Since $|y(k)| \le \|y\|_{\ell^p}$ (for all $k$ and $p$) we conclude that if $\|y_n-y\|_{\ell^2} \to 0$ then $$\lim_{n\to\infty} y_n(k) = y(k)$$ for all $k$. Similarly, if additionally $\|x y_n -z\|_{\ell^1}\to 0$ then for all $k$ $$\lim_{n\to\infty} x (k)y_n(k) =z(k).$$ But on the other hand we already know that $\lim_{n\to\infty} y_n(k) = y(k)$, so $$\lim_{n\to\infty} x (k)y_n(k) =x(k)y(k),$$ which means that $z=xy$.

So the operator $T_x$ is closed.

3. Jan 10, 2015

### A_B

As is so often the case with mathematics,the solution to the problem seems so obvious once it is known. This concludes for me a few days of staring at a blank page.

Thank You, Hawkeye. You saved me a lot of time.