MHB Proving Inequality with Positive Real Numbers $x,\,y,\,z$

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The discussion focuses on proving the inequality \( (x^3-x+5)(y^5-y^3+5)(z^7-z^5+5) \ge 125 \) under the condition that \( xy + yz + zx = 3 \) for positive real numbers \( x, y, z \). A solution is provided, which likely involves applying techniques from inequality theory, such as AM-GM or other algebraic manipulations. The participants may analyze the equality case and explore the implications of the given condition on the variables. The conversation emphasizes the importance of understanding the relationship between the variables and the structure of the inequality. Ultimately, the goal is to establish the validity of the inequality through rigorous proof.
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Let $x,\,y,\,z$ be positive real numbers such that $xy+yz+zx=3$.

Prove the inequality $(x^3-x+5)(y^5-y^3+5)(z^7-z^5+5)\ge 125$.
 
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Here is the solution that I found online and would like to share with MHB:

For any real numbers $a$, the numbers $a-1,\,a^2-1,\,a^3-1,\,a^5-1$ are of the same sign.

Therefore

$(a-1)(a^2-1)\ge 0$, $(a^2-1)(a^3-1)\ge 0$ and $(a^2-1)(a^5-1)\ge 0$.

i.e.

$x^3-x^2-x+1\ge 0$

$y^5-y^3-y^2+1\ge 0$

$z^7-z^5-z^2+1\ge 0$

So it follows that

$x^3-x+5\ge x^2+4$, $y^5-y^3+5\ge y^2+4$ and $z^7-z^5+5\ge z^2+4$

Multiplying these inequalities gives

$(x^3-x+5)(y^5-y^3+5)(z^7-z^5+5)\ge(x^2+4)(y^2+4)(z^2+4) \tag{1}$

We will prove that

$(x^2+4)(y^2+4)(z^2+4)\ge 25(xy+yz+xz+2) \tag{2}$

We have

$\begin{align*}(x^2+4)(y^2+4)(z^2+4)&=x^2y^2z^2+4(x^2y^2+y^2z^2+z^2x^2)+16(x^2+y^2+z^2)+64\\&=x^2y^2z^2+(x^2+y^2+z^2)+2+4(x^2y^2+y^2z^2+z^2x^2+3)+15(x^2+y^2+z^2)+50---(3)\end{align*}$

By the inequalities

$(x-y)^2+(y-z)^2+(z-x)^2\ge 0$ and

$(xy-1)^2+(yz-1)^2+(zx-1)^2\ge 0$ we obtain

$x^2+y^2+z^2\ge xy+yz+zx\tag{4}$ and

$x^2y^2+y^2z^2+z^2x^2+3\ge 2(xy+yz+zx)\tag{5}$

We will prove that

$x^2y^2z^2+(x^2+y^2+z^2)+2\ge 2(xy+yz+zx)\tag{6}$

Note that if we have $a,\,b,\,c>0$ then $3abc+a^3+b^3+c^3\ge 2((ab)^{\dfrac{3}{2}}+(bc)^{\dfrac{3}{2}}+(ca)^{\dfrac{3}{2}})$.

Its proof followed by Schur's inequality and AM-GM inequality.

For $a=x^{\dfrac{2}{3}}$, $b=y^{\dfrac{2}{3}}$ and $c=z^{\dfrac{2}{3}}$, we deduce

$3(xyz)^{\dfrac{2}{3}}+x^2+y^2+z^2\ge 2(xy+yz+zx)$

Therefore, it suffices to prove that

$x^2y^2z^2+2\ge 3(xyz)^{\dfrac{2}{3}}$, which follows immediately by $AM>GM$.

Thus we have proved inequality (6).

Now, by (3), (4), (5) and (6) we obtain inequality (2).

Finally by (1) and (2) and since $xy+yz+zx=3$ we obtain the required inequality.

Equality occurs iff $x=y=z=1$.
 
Insights auto threads is broken atm, so I'm manually creating these for new Insight articles. In Dirac’s Principles of Quantum Mechanics published in 1930 he introduced a “convenient notation” he referred to as a “delta function” which he treated as a continuum analog to the discrete Kronecker delta. The Kronecker delta is simply the indexed components of the identity operator in matrix algebra Source: https://www.physicsforums.com/insights/what-exactly-is-diracs-delta-function/ by...

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