Proving Inequality with Positive Real Numbers $x,\,y,\,z$

Click For Summary
SUMMARY

The inequality $(x^3-x+5)(y^5-y^3+5)(z^7-z^5+5)\ge 125$ holds for positive real numbers $x, y, z$ satisfying the condition $xy + yz + zx = 3$. This conclusion is derived from applying the AM-GM inequality and properties of symmetric sums. The proof utilizes specific algebraic manipulations and inequalities to establish the lower bound of the product.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of the AM-GM inequality
  • Familiarity with symmetric sums in algebra
  • Basic knowledge of polynomial functions
  • Experience with inequalities in real analysis
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the AM-GM inequality and its applications in proving inequalities
  • Explore symmetric sums and their properties in algebra
  • Investigate polynomial inequalities and their proofs
  • Learn about advanced techniques in real analysis for inequality proofs
USEFUL FOR

Mathematicians, students in advanced algebra or analysis courses, and anyone interested in inequality proofs involving real numbers.

anemone
Gold Member
MHB
POTW Director
Messages
3,851
Reaction score
115
Let $x,\,y,\,z$ be positive real numbers such that $xy+yz+zx=3$.

Prove the inequality $(x^3-x+5)(y^5-y^3+5)(z^7-z^5+5)\ge 125$.
 
Mathematics news on Phys.org
Here is the solution that I found online and would like to share with MHB:

For any real numbers $a$, the numbers $a-1,\,a^2-1,\,a^3-1,\,a^5-1$ are of the same sign.

Therefore

$(a-1)(a^2-1)\ge 0$, $(a^2-1)(a^3-1)\ge 0$ and $(a^2-1)(a^5-1)\ge 0$.

i.e.

$x^3-x^2-x+1\ge 0$

$y^5-y^3-y^2+1\ge 0$

$z^7-z^5-z^2+1\ge 0$

So it follows that

$x^3-x+5\ge x^2+4$, $y^5-y^3+5\ge y^2+4$ and $z^7-z^5+5\ge z^2+4$

Multiplying these inequalities gives

$(x^3-x+5)(y^5-y^3+5)(z^7-z^5+5)\ge(x^2+4)(y^2+4)(z^2+4) \tag{1}$

We will prove that

$(x^2+4)(y^2+4)(z^2+4)\ge 25(xy+yz+xz+2) \tag{2}$

We have

$\begin{align*}(x^2+4)(y^2+4)(z^2+4)&=x^2y^2z^2+4(x^2y^2+y^2z^2+z^2x^2)+16(x^2+y^2+z^2)+64\\&=x^2y^2z^2+(x^2+y^2+z^2)+2+4(x^2y^2+y^2z^2+z^2x^2+3)+15(x^2+y^2+z^2)+50---(3)\end{align*}$

By the inequalities

$(x-y)^2+(y-z)^2+(z-x)^2\ge 0$ and

$(xy-1)^2+(yz-1)^2+(zx-1)^2\ge 0$ we obtain

$x^2+y^2+z^2\ge xy+yz+zx\tag{4}$ and

$x^2y^2+y^2z^2+z^2x^2+3\ge 2(xy+yz+zx)\tag{5}$

We will prove that

$x^2y^2z^2+(x^2+y^2+z^2)+2\ge 2(xy+yz+zx)\tag{6}$

Note that if we have $a,\,b,\,c>0$ then $3abc+a^3+b^3+c^3\ge 2((ab)^{\dfrac{3}{2}}+(bc)^{\dfrac{3}{2}}+(ca)^{\dfrac{3}{2}})$.

Its proof followed by Schur's inequality and AM-GM inequality.

For $a=x^{\dfrac{2}{3}}$, $b=y^{\dfrac{2}{3}}$ and $c=z^{\dfrac{2}{3}}$, we deduce

$3(xyz)^{\dfrac{2}{3}}+x^2+y^2+z^2\ge 2(xy+yz+zx)$

Therefore, it suffices to prove that

$x^2y^2z^2+2\ge 3(xyz)^{\dfrac{2}{3}}$, which follows immediately by $AM>GM$.

Thus we have proved inequality (6).

Now, by (3), (4), (5) and (6) we obtain inequality (2).

Finally by (1) and (2) and since $xy+yz+zx=3$ we obtain the required inequality.

Equality occurs iff $x=y=z=1$.
 

Similar threads

  • · Replies 1 ·
Replies
1
Views
1K
  • · Replies 1 ·
Replies
1
Views
1K
  • · Replies 1 ·
Replies
1
Views
1K
Replies
4
Views
2K
  • · Replies 1 ·
Replies
1
Views
1K
  • · Replies 2 ·
Replies
2
Views
2K
  • · Replies 1 ·
Replies
1
Views
1K
  • · Replies 1 ·
Replies
1
Views
1K
  • · Replies 3 ·
Replies
3
Views
2K
  • · Replies 1 ·
Replies
1
Views
1K