MHB Proving LCM Inequality for Positive Integers

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For all positive integers m > n, it is proven that the inequality lcm(m,n) + lcm(m+1,n+1) > (2mn)/√(m-n) holds true. The proof begins with the definition of lcm in terms of gcd and establishes a relationship between lcm values and their gcds. By applying the AM-GM inequality, it is shown that the sum of the reciprocals of the gcds is bounded, leading to the conclusion that the product of the gcds divides m-n. Ultimately, it is demonstrated that the product of these gcds is less than or equal to m-n, thereby confirming the inequality. This proof effectively utilizes properties of gcd and lcm to validate the stated inequality.
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For all positive integers $$m > n$$, prove that :

$$\operatorname{lcm}(m,n)+\operatorname{lcm}(m+1,n+1)>\frac{2mn}{\sqrt{m-n}}$$
 
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Remember that $\text{lcm}(x,y)=\displaystyle\frac{x\cdot y}{\gcd(x,y)}$ so we have

\[A(m,n):=\text{lcm}(m,n)+\text{lcm}(m+1,n+1) = \frac{m\cdot n}{\gcd(m,n)}+\frac{(m+1)\cdot (n+1)}{\gcd(m+1,n+1)}\]

and then clearly

\[A(m,n) > \frac{m\cdot n}{\gcd(m,n)}+\frac{m\cdot n}{\gcd(m+1,n+1)} = m\cdot n \cdot \left( \tfrac{1}{\gcd(m,n)}+\tfrac{1}{\gcd(m+1,n+1)} \right)\]

Now let us use the AM-GM inequality ( $x+y \geq 2\sqrt{x\cdot y}$ for $x,y\geq 0$) to get

\[\frac{1}{\gcd(m,n)}+\frac{1}{\gcd(m+1,n+1)} \geq \frac{2}{\sqrt{\gcd(m,n)\cdot \gcd(m+1,n+1)}}\]

Next note that if we get $\gcd(m,n)\cdot \gcd(m+1,n+1) \leq m-n$, we are done.

To prove it, note that $d_1 = \gcd(m,n) = \gcd(n,m-n)$ which divides $m-n$, and $d_2=\gcd(m+1,n+1)=\gcd(n+1,m-n)$ which also divides $m-n$. But $d_1$ divides $n$ and $d_2$ divides $n+1$ ... and $\gcd(n,n+1)=1$ :p so in fact $\gcd(d_1,d_2)=1$ !.

Hence $d_1\cdot d_2$ must divide $m-n$, and so $d_1\cdot d_2 \leq m - n$ completing the proof $\square$.
 

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