Pure state, mixed state and measurement

[Sophocles]

Hello guys,

Homework Statement

the problem goes as follows:

"Which measurement should you do on a statistical ensemble of qubits in order to distinguish between the pure state |Ψ>= cos(θ)|0> + sin(θ)|1> and the mixed state ρ=cos^2(θ)|0><0| + sin^2(θ)|1><1| "

Homework Equations

I am not even sure I grasp the atmosphere of the problem...

The Attempt at a Solution

I understand the basic differences between superposition and mixture, but still I can't work a solution inside my head.
So... any help would be much appreciated.

Thank you in advance!

 

[hilbert2]

I'm not sure about this, as I haven't worked much with density matrices, but wouldn't measuring the expectation value of the operator A=|0><1|+|1><0| give a different result for the pure and mixture states? Do you know how to calculate expectation values for mixed states?

 

[Sophocles]

Ok I see your point! My concern now is whether operator A is a fictional-theoretical operator for the sake of the problem or must be a real one. Must it be self-adjoint? What is the characterization of operator A?

 

[hilbert2]

The operator I defined is hermitian, so in principle it represents a measurable quantity, but I'm not sure how to interpret its meaning physically.

 

[Sophocles]

hilbert2 I thank you very very much! The problem itself is based on conceptual understanding so I guess we should not really care whether operator A has physical meaning or not.

Again, thank you very much!

 

[Oxvillian]

hilbert2's operator |0><1| + |1><0| is just $\sigma_x$, so maybe not so weird after all