Quantum computing leverages the principles of quantum mechanics to process information in fundamentally different ways than classical computers. It utilizes quantum bits, or qubits, which can exist in multiple states simultaneously, allowing for parallel processing. Quantum superposition and entanglement enable quantum computers to solve complex problems more efficiently than classical counterparts. The potential applications include cryptography, optimization, and simulating quantum systems. Understanding these concepts is essential for grasping the transformative impact of quantum computing on technology and science.