Quantum states and complex numbers - newbie question

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the concept of qubits as described in quantum mechanics, specifically their representation as vectors in a complex vector space. A qubit is defined within a two-dimensional vector space over complex numbers, contrasting with real vector spaces. The participants clarify that in a complex vector space, the components of vectors and the scalars can be complex numbers, allowing for operations such as addition and scalar multiplication. Understanding this framework is essential for grasping the mathematical foundation of quantum states.

PREREQUISITES
  • Basic understanding of quantum mechanics principles
  • Familiarity with vector spaces and linear algebra
  • Knowledge of complex numbers and their properties
  • Experience with mathematical operations involving vectors
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the properties of complex vector spaces in detail
  • Learn about the mathematical representation of qubits in quantum computing
  • Explore linear transformations and their applications in quantum mechanics
  • Investigate the implications of scalar multiplication in quantum state manipulation
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Students of quantum mechanics, physicists, mathematicians, and anyone interested in the mathematical foundations of quantum computing and qubit representation.

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this wikipedia article http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qubit says
The qubit is described by a quantum state in a two-state quantum-mechanical system, which is formally equivalent to a two-dimensional vector space over the complex numbers.

i am kind of comfortable with the physics of it, but i am totally lost on the thing about vector space over the complex numbers

can someone please lend me a hand? it seems that the more i try to read about it, the less i know
 
Physics news on Phys.org
In general a vector space consists of vectors with scalar multipliers. In two dimensions vectors are of the form (x,y) where x and y are numbers (scalars). For a real vector space x and y will be real numbers and the scalars are real numbers, while for a complex vector space x and y will be complex numbers and the scalars may be complex.. Vectors can be added or subtracted and multiplied by scalars.

For example Let (x,y) and (u,v) be vectors and a and b scalars, then
a(x,y) + b(u,v) = (ax+bu,ay+bv).
 

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