Question On Resonance- Intuitive feeling required

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    Resonance
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Discussion Overview

The discussion centers around the concept of resonance, particularly in the context of buildings and their response to ground motion during events such as earthquakes. Participants explore intuitive understandings of resonance, its physical implications, and methods to experience or demonstrate the phenomenon.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Conceptual clarification
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • Some participants express difficulty in intuitively grasping the concept of resonance, particularly in relation to a building's fundamental frequency matching the frequency of ground motion.
  • One participant suggests that resonance occurs when a periodic excitation matches a structure's natural frequency, leading to significant vibration, akin to constructive interference.
  • Another participant proposes practical experiments, such as using a ruler or a flexible structure on a movable platform, to observe resonance by varying the frequency of applied forces.
  • One participant describes an experiment with tuning forks to illustrate resonance, noting that one fork can cause another to vibrate without direct contact.
  • A participant explains that a building's response to applied forces is influenced by its material properties and dimensions, and that resonance occurs when the applied force and the building's response are in phase.
  • Another suggestion involves practicing diving off a springboard to gain a feel for resonance in a more experiential context.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants generally agree on the basic principles of resonance but express varying levels of understanding and intuition regarding the concept. There are multiple approaches and examples presented, indicating that the discussion remains unresolved in terms of achieving a unified intuitive grasp of resonance.

Contextual Notes

Participants highlight the complexity of resonance, noting that it depends on various factors such as material properties and dimensions, which may not be fully addressed in their discussions. The methods proposed for experiencing resonance also depend on specific conditions and setups.

jrm2002
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I am not able to intuitively sense the concept of resonance.
Let us say we have a building having a fundamental frequency of 5.5 Hertz .
If the ground moved to and fro(during an earthquake) with a frequency of 5.5 Hertz, the building would vibrate strongly, or resonate.Right?

I am not able to sense the phenomenon of resonance intuitively---
IF the fundamental frequency of the ground and building are same, then the building would vibrate strongly.How to sense this intuitively??
 
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jrm2002 said:
I am not able to intuitively sense the concept of resonance. Let us say we have a building having a fundamental frequency of 5.5 Hertz. If the ground moved to and fro(during an earthquake) with a frequency of 5.5 Hertz, the building would vibrate strongly, or resonate. Right?
Right. If a periodic excitiation (energy source) oscillates at the structures natural frequency, then vibration or oscillation may be excited, i.e. the driving force will excite one of the natural modes of vibration in the structure. This is somewhat like constructive interference.

jrm2002 said:
I am not able to sense the phenomenon of resonance intuitively--- IF the fundamental frequency of the ground and building are same, then the building would vibrate strongly.How to sense this intuitively??
Perhaps get a long plastic ruler, hold it upright (vertical) and slowly push (deflect) the top and then slowly release the contact (reduce the deflection). Note the response. The repeat but increase the speed (frequency) of the deflection. Try to match the natural frequency.

Alternatively, construct a flexible structure with a known natural frequency on a movable platform. Slowly move the platform backwards and forwards (oscillate) and note the response. Start below the natural frequency, then increase frequency up to the natural frequency and not the change in response.
 
if you have these, use two tuning forks of the same frequency and hit one. then place that one next to, but not touching, the other and listen closely to the sound of the "unhit" one because you will hear the soft tone of it because resonance caused it to vibrate.
 
When you apply a force to, using your example, a building, it can only respond with a certain speed, which, in the case of a building depends on a whole host of factors, including the dimensions of the building and the material properties such as Young's modulus.

If the applied force varies at exactly the same speed as the buildings 'response time' then the force and the movement of the building remains in phase, i.e. the force always pushes in the same direction that the building is moving, and the amplitude of the oscillation (assuming the driving force is oscillatory of course) will be a maximum. We can equate this 'speed of response' of the building to a characteristic frequency we call the resonant frequency.

If we drive the oscillator far from resonance, then the force will spend much of its time opposing the movement of the building, hence the reduced amplitude.

This argument of course does not just apply to mechanical oscillators, but electrical, optical etc...

Claude.
 
jrm: to get a feel for resonance, go down to your local swimming pool. And practice some diving off the springboard.
 

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