A Reference for Hadron mass & spin problem?

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The discussion revolves around the search for authoritative references that clearly articulate the open problems related to computing hadron masses and spins in quantum chromodynamics (QCD) from first principles. The focus is on finding citations that address the challenges of confinement and non-perturbative QCD, similar to the Clay Institute's "Mass Gap Problem." The requester emphasizes the need for formal publications rather than informal sources like blogs or Reddit discussions. They seek comprehensive statements that acknowledge the ongoing issues, including the proton spin crisis, in a way that is suitable for academic citation. The goal is to compile a list of credible references that succinctly express these complex problems.
Urs Schreiber
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I am looking for articles or books that would clearly and succinctly state the open problem of and issues with computing hadron masses and spins in QCD from first principles, preferably in relation to the open problem of confinement and the general open problem of non-perturbative QCD.

Any suggestions?

To clarify, I am not concerned with the truth of these issues, my question is a biblioraphical one: For purposes of citation I am hoping for an author who would state these problems clearly, comprehensively and authoratively.

To compare, the Clay Institute announcement a few years back of the "Mass Gap Problem" serves as a great general purpose citation for the statement of the corresponding open problem in mathematical physics. What I am looking for is a similarly nicely citable statement of the corresponding problem in phenomenology.

Some reference should say: Since non-perturbative QCD remains open, it is an open problem to derive the very existence of hadrons in the first place, and in particular to compute properties such as their masses and spin from first principles. Qualitative arguments and lattice simulations exist, but issues remain (e.g. proton spin crisis) and at the heart of it this is an open problem.

Something like this. It seems people like to say all this in informal contexts, such as in popular physics journal columns, in Reddit replies or in their blog articles. None of which is citeable. I am looking for somebody saying all this clearly and in a regularly published article or book.
 
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[URL='https://www.physicsforums.com/insights/author/urs-schreiber/']Urs Schreiber[/URL] said:
I am looking for articles or books that would clearly and succinctly state the open problem of and issues with computing hadron masses and spins in QCD from first principles, preferably in relation to the open problem of confinement and the general open problem of non-perturbative QCD.

Any suggestions?

To clarify, I am not concerned with the truth of these issues, my question is a biblioraphical one: For purposes of citation I am hoping for an author who would state these problems clearly, comprehensively and authoratively.

To compare, the Clay Institute announcement a few years back of the "Mass Gap Problem" serves as a great general purpose citation for the statement of the corresponding open problem in mathematical physics. What I am looking for is a similarly nicely citable statement of the corresponding problem in phenomenology.

Some reference should say: Since non-perturbative QCD remains open, it is an open problem to derive the very existence of hadrons in the first place, and in particular to compute properties such as their masses and spin from first principles. Qualitative arguments and lattice simulations exist, but issues remain (e.g. proton spin crisis) and at the heart of it this is an open problem.

Something like this. It seems people like to say all this in informal contexts, such as in popular physics journal columns, in Reddit replies or in their blog articles. None of which is citeable. I am looking for somebody saying all this clearly and in a regularly published article or book.

@DarMM, or other folks in the threads

https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/how-can-quarks-exist-if-they-are-confined.958432/
https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/asymptotic-states-in-gauge-theories.958217/

might know some references.
 
Thanks. Maybe it's an odd request, though it seems like something that must have occurred to others before.

I am collecting references with quotes of roughly the kind I was asking for here.
 
Theoretical physicist C.N. Yang died at the age of 103 years on October 18, 2025. He is the Yang in Yang-Mills theory, which he and his collaborators devised in 1953, which is a generic quantum field theory that is used by scientists to study amplitudes (i.e. vector probabilities) that are foundational in all Standard Model processes and most quantum gravity theories. He also won a Nobel prize in 1957 for his work on CP violation. (I didn't see the post in General Discussions at PF on his...

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