(resolved) Seebeck effect: why can't electron+hole combine at cold end?

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In summary, the Seebeck effect is a phenomenon where a temperature difference in a material can create an electric potential difference, resulting in the flow of electric current. It works based on the principle that electrons will flow from high energy levels to low energy levels when two different materials are in contact, creating a voltage difference. This effect is used in practical applications such as thermocouples for temperature sensors and power generators, but its efficiency is affected by factors like materials used and temperature difference. Scientists and engineers are continuously working to improve its efficiency through research and development.
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jaus tail
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Hi,
In seebeck effect:
Ref:
1572843145788.png

Once the red region is hot, the electrons and holes move toward cooler region i.e. bottom. So there is a positive potential toward right side of cold side and negative region toward left side of cold side. So why can't the electrons and holes combine here only instead of going all the way across the wire and meet with a resistance (load of bulb). Why can't they just recombine in the cold side?
 
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Sorry for question. I found a more appropriate diagram:
1572844375255.png

Ref:
 

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1. What is the Seebeck effect?

The Seebeck effect is a phenomenon in which a temperature difference between two different materials causes a voltage difference between them. This voltage difference is known as the thermoelectric potential.

2. How does the Seebeck effect work?

The Seebeck effect is based on the principle of thermoelectricity, which states that when two different materials are in contact and at different temperatures, electrons will flow from the hotter material to the colder material. This creates a voltage difference between the two materials.

3. Why can't electrons and holes combine at the cold end in the Seebeck effect?

Electrons and holes are two types of charge carriers in a material. In the Seebeck effect, when a temperature difference is applied, the electrons and holes will move in opposite directions, creating a voltage difference. At the cold end, the electrons and holes are moving in the same direction, so they cannot combine.

4. What factors affect the Seebeck effect?

The Seebeck effect is influenced by several factors, including the temperature difference between the two materials, the type and properties of the materials, and the length and thickness of the materials. Additionally, the Seebeck coefficient, which is a measure of a material's ability to generate a thermoelectric potential, also plays a role.

5. How is the Seebeck effect used in practical applications?

The Seebeck effect has many practical applications, including in thermocouples, which are used to measure temperature, and in thermoelectric generators, which can convert heat into electricity. It is also used in thermoelectric cooling devices, such as refrigerators and air conditioners, and in thermoelectric power plants, which generate electricity from waste heat.

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