Small oscillations+normal modes of a system

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The discussion revolves around the analysis of two identical pendulums connected by a spring, focusing on calculating oscillation frequencies and normal modes. The user attempts to derive the Lagrangian for the system, incorporating kinetic and potential energies for both pendulums and the spring. They encounter difficulties with the potential energy of the spring and its relation to the positions of the masses, leading to confusion over the derived expressions. The user seeks confirmation on their calculations and the application of small angle approximations to simplify the potential energy function. The thread highlights the complexities of modeling coupled oscillators and the importance of accurate algebraic manipulation in deriving physical equations.
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Homework Statement


Two identical pendulums of length l hang from a ceiling. Their vertical axis is separated by a distance l_0. They are made by 2 masses m. Between these 2 masses we put a spring of constant k and natural length l_0.
Gravity acts verticaly downward.
1)Calculate the proper frequencies of oscillations in the approximation of small oscillations.
2)Determine the normal coordinates of oscillations.
3)Suppose that at t=0 both pendulums are at rest for \theta _1=0 and \theta _2=\theta _0; find and solve the equations of motion of the system.
Note that \theta _1 and \theta _2 are the angles that each mass makes with the vertical.

Homework Equations


L=T-V.


The Attempt at a Solution


I tried to get the Lagrangian of the system which consists of the sum of 3 Lagrangians, namely one for each mass and one for the spring.
I'm having trouble with the potential energy stored in the spring.
Let L_1 and L_2 be the Lagrangians for each mass. I found out that T_1 =\frac{m}{2}l^2 \dot \theta _1 ^2 while T_2 =\frac{m}{2}l^2 \dot \theta _2 ^2. Potential energy is simply V_1 = mgl [\cos (\theta _1 ) -1] and V_2 = mgl [\cos (\theta _2 ) -1]. So I can just make up the 2 Lagrangians for these masses.
Now the hard part: for the spring... L_3=V_3.
V_3=\frac{k}{2}(\Delta x ) ^2 where delta x denotes the elongation/compression of the spring with respect to l_0. So if \vec r_1 and \vec r_2 denotes the positions of mass 1 and mass 2 respectively, I have that \Delta x = ||\vec r_1 - \vec r_2|-l _0|. Since I will consider (\Delta x ) ^2 I can safely ignore the external "modulus" ||.
Anyway here is my work: I take my reference system origin at the position of the mass 1 when nothing moves (stable equilibrium position), I have that \vec r_1 = l\sin \theta _1 \hat i+l (1-\cos \theta _1) \hat j and \vec r _2 =(l_0+l \sin \theta _2)\hat i + (l-l \cos \theta _2 ) \hat j.
Thus \vec r_2 -\vec r_1 =[l _0-l (\sin \theta _2 + \sin \theta _1 )]\hat i +l (\cos \theta _1 - \cos \theta _2 )\hat j.
Now I used some trig identities at http://www.sosmath.com/trig/Trig5/trig5/trig5.html to get that \vec r_2 -\vec r_1 =\{ l_0-l \left [ 2 \sin \left ( \frac{\theta _1+ \theta _2 }{2} \right ) \cos \left ( \frac{\theta _1- \theta _2 }{2} \right ) \right ] \} \hat i+l \left [ -2 \sin \left ( \frac{\theta _1+ \theta _2 }{2} \right ) \sin \left ( \frac{\theta _1- \theta _2 }{2} \right ) \right ] \hat j.
I thus calculated |\vec r_2 - \vec r_1 |=\sqrt {\left [ l_0-2l \sin \left ( \frac{\theta _1 +\theta _2 }{2} \right ) \cos \left ( \frac{\theta _1 -\theta _2 }{2} \right ) \right ]^2+\left [ 2l \sin \left ( \frac{\theta _1 +\theta _2 }{2} \right ) \sin \left ( \frac{\theta _1 -\theta _2 }{2} \right ) \right ]^2}. I simplified this to \sqrt {l_0 ^2 -4ll_0 \sin \left (\frac{\theta _1 + \theta _2 }{2} \right )\cos \left (\frac{\theta _1 - \theta _2 }{2} \right ) +4 l^2\sin ^2 \left (\frac{\theta _1 + \theta _2 }{2} \right ) }.
Despite having checked out 3 times the algebra I cannot find any mistake, yet the result makes no sense. Indeed, for when \theta _1 = \theta _2, I should get |\vec r_2 - \vec r_1 |=l_0 but I get a condition for this to be true instead of it being true no matter what. I get the condition l_0 \sin \theta =l for all angles theta. Since this isn't necessarily true, something is wrong... but I don't see what.
I'd appreciate any help and would be glad to know where my mistake lies. Great thanks in advance.
 
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I just spotted an algebra mistake for \vec r_2 -\vec r_1. Working on that!
 
I get L=\frac{m}{2}l^2(\dot \theta _1 ^2+\dot \theta _2^2)+mgl(2-\cos \theta _1 - \cos \theta _2 )-\frac{k}{2} \{ l_0^2+2ll_0 (\sin \theta _2 - \sin \theta _1)+2l^2[1-\cos (\theta _1-\theta _2 )] \}.
So that V(\theta _1 , \theta _2 )=mgl[\cos \theta _1 + \cos ( \theta _2 ) -2]+\frac{k}{2} \{ l_0^2+2ll_0 (\sin \theta _2 - \sin \theta _1)+2l^2[1-\cos (\theta _1-\theta _2 )] \}.
Now I am unsure if I must use the small angles approximation already, or first approximate this potential by a function of the form \frac{k}{2}x^2 in which case I do not know how to do. Any help is appreciated.
Edit: Just spotted another algebra mistake, the potential energy should be even more complicated...Edit 2:Considering from start that \sin \theta \approx \theta and 1-\cos \theta \approx \frac{\theta ^2}{2} I reach V\approx \frac{mgl}{2} (\theta _1 ^2 + \theta _2 ^2 )+k[l_0 ^2+ll_0(\theta _2 - \theta _1 )+\frac{l^2(\theta _2-\theta _1 )^2}{2}-l_0 \sqrt {l_0 ^2+2ll_0 (\theta _2-\theta _1 )+l^2(\theta_2 - \theta _1)^2}]. Could someone confirm this?
 
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