So how do you know when a chemical is an acid or not? I know that an

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the criteria for identifying a chemical as an acid, exploring various definitions and naming conventions. It includes theoretical perspectives on acid definitions and practical considerations in naming compounds.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Conceptual clarification
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant suggests that an acid is defined as a compound that yields H atoms when dissolved, questioning if all compounds containing H can be classified as acids.
  • Another participant argues that calling HNO2 hydrogen nitrite is acceptable, noting that a substance is considered an acid primarily when in aqueous solution.
  • It is proposed that memorization of which compounds are acids is necessary, with some common examples given, such as those containing SO3H and COOH groups.
  • Different definitions of acids are highlighted, including the Brønsted definition (proton donor) and the Lewis definition (electron-pair acceptor), with a participant favoring the Lewis definition as the most comprehensive.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the definitions of acids and the criteria for naming them, indicating that multiple competing definitions and interpretations remain unresolved.

Contextual Notes

Participants note the dependence on context, such as whether a compound is in aqueous solution, and the potential for varying definitions to lead to confusion in naming conventions.

Who May Find This Useful

This discussion may be of interest to students and educators in chemistry, particularly those exploring acid-base theory and nomenclature.

Titandwedebil
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So how do you know when a chemical is an acid or not? I know that an acid is a compound that, when dissolved, yields H atoms, but does that mean than any compound with H in it is (or has the potential to be) an acid?

For example:

HNO2, I put down that it was Hydrogen Nitrite, but the actual answer is Nitrous acid. How do I know whether or not to name it as an acid?
 
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Calling HNO2 as hydrogen nitrite is not wrong (likewise, we can call HCl as hydrogen chloride). I suppose it is only when the substance, that has the description of an acid, is in water (aqueous) do we call it an acid.

I suppose you would just have to remember which are acids and which aren't. Usually, whatever inorganic compound has a hydrogen atom, or compounds with SO3H and COOH are acids. Can't remember others. =P
 


There are several different definitions of acids. Brønsted being one guy who defined an acid as a substance that loses/gives/donates H+ (proton donor). Lewis is another one, and defines acid as a substance that is an electron-pair acceptor.

There probably are other definitions as well. And let's not forget the organic functional group
-COOH.
 


I think the lewis definition is the best since the other definitions can be explained by the accepting of electrons
 

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