The book's explanation is poorly worded; it should have said ##\cos(\theta) = 1/3## OR ##\sin(\theta) = 0##. That means that one or the other of those two possibilities can occur, and that corresponds to the existence of more than one solution to the problem in the interval ##0^o < \theta < 360^o##.
If you plot the graphs of ##y = 3\sin(\theta)## and ##y = \tan(\theta)## over the interval ##0^o < \theta < 360^o##, you will see that there are three points where the two graphs cross (five points of crossing if you include ##\theta = 0^o## and ##\theta =360^o##). The equation ##\sin(\theta) = 0## has one solution in ##(0^0,360^o)##, while the equation ##\cos(\theta) = 1/3## has two solutions in ##(0^o,360^o)##.