Solve Galvanic Cell: 0.050M Cu2+, AlCl3 0.0118M

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SUMMARY

This discussion focuses on solving a galvanic cell problem involving a copper half-cell with a concentration of 0.050 M copper(II) sulfate and an aluminum half-cell with an unknown concentration of aluminum chloride (AlCl3). The Nernst equation is applied to determine the necessary concentration of AlCl3 for the log term to equal zero, resulting in a calculated concentration of 0.0118 M for Al3+. Additionally, concerns are raised regarding the reactivity of aluminum in water and its oxide layer, which may affect the accuracy of electrode potential calculations.

PREREQUISITES
  • Nernst equation application in electrochemistry
  • Understanding of galvanic cells and half-cell reactions
  • Knowledge of standard electrode potentials
  • Concept of concentration effects on cell potential
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the Nernst equation in detail, focusing on its derivation and applications
  • Research the electrochemical properties of aluminum, particularly its reactivity in aqueous solutions
  • Explore the implications of oxide layers on metal electrodes in galvanic cells
  • Investigate alternative methods for calculating electrode potentials in non-ideal conditions
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Chemistry students, electrochemists, and anyone studying galvanic cells and their applications in practical scenarios.

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Homework Statement


Consider a Galvanic Cell composed of one half-cell containing 0.050 M copper(II) sulfate with a copper electrode and another half-cell containing an unknown concentration of aluminum chloride, AlCl3, and an aluminum electrode.

a. Write the Nernst equation for this galvanic cell, replacing as many variables as possible with numbers.
b. What concentration of AlCl3 would be necessary for the log term in the Nernst equation to equal zero.

The Attempt at a Solution



a. 2Al + 3Cu2+ -> 2Al3+ + 3Cu
Delta E standard = E(cathode) - E(anode) = .3402 - -1.706 = 2.0462

Delta E = E standard - .05917 / n (log Q)
Delta E = 2.0462 - (.05915/6) log( (Al3+)^2 / (Cu2+)^3 )

b. log( (Al3+)^2 / (Cu2+)^3 ) = 0
(Al3+)^2 / (Cu2+)^3 = 1
(Al3+)^2 / (.05)^3 = 1
Al3+ = .0118 M

Is this correct?
 
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Looks OK at first sight, but I can be missing something.

I don't like the idea of Al electrode in water. Al is reactive enough to displace hydrogen from water, plus it is always covered with oxide, so calculating electrode potential as if it was any other metal is a waste of time and has nothing to do with reality.
 

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