Solving Planetesimal Accretion: How Long Does It Take?

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on calculating the time required for a planetesimal to accrete to a radius of 1,000 km using specific equations related to its cross-sectional area, collision rate, and mass gain. The relevant equations include dn/dt = (πR²VρN)/m for collision frequency and dM/dt = πR²VρN for mass gain. The time to reach the desired radius is given by t = (4R/V)/(ρP/ρN), with ρN set at 10^-7 kg/m³. The discussion emphasizes the importance of understanding these equations to solve for the unknowns effectively.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of basic physics concepts related to motion and collisions.
  • Familiarity with mathematical equations involving area and density.
  • Knowledge of planetary formation processes in astrophysics.
  • Ability to manipulate variables in equations to solve for unknowns.
NEXT STEPS
  • Research the implications of varying ρP (density of the planetesimal) on accretion time.
  • Explore the role of velocity V in the context of planetesimal growth rates.
  • Study the effects of different space densities ρN on collision rates and mass gain.
  • Investigate similar equations in astrophysics related to other celestial bodies' formation.
USEFUL FOR

Astronomers, astrophysicists, and students studying planetary formation who seek to understand the dynamics of planetesimal accretion processes.

spinnaker
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Kinda stumped. The question gives three equations and I don't know what to do with them, because given the equations there's always more than one unknown. Any assistance/tips would be appreciated!

If a planetesimal has a cross-sectional area of πR2 (where R is the planetesimal's radius) and is sweeping through a cloud of smaller particles of fixed size with a velocity V, the number of collisions per second will be:

dn/dt = (πR2N)/m

where ρN=the space density (kg/m3) of particles in the cloud and m=the mass of each particle.

If each collision results in the target particles sticking to the planetesimal, the planetesimal will gain mass at a rate of

dM/dt = πR2N

where M=the planetesimal mass.

The time to grow to radius R is

t = (4R/V)/(ρPN)

where ρP=the density of the planetesimal itself. (Assume that ρN and V stay constant as particles are swept up.)

Assuming that a reasonable value for the density of accretable material in inner part of the early solar nebula is ρN = 10-7 kg/m3, estimate the time to accrete a body of 1,000 km radius. Assume a reasonable ρP.
 
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Don't see your problem.
You are given an equation t=... and you know all the variables.
 
That was a duplicate post. Solved in the other thread in Introductory Physics.

ehild
 

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