Admissions Statement of purpose critique request (high-energy theory PhD)

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The discussion centers on a candidate seeking feedback on their statement of purpose for a PhD program in high-energy theory, highlighting their academic journey from mathematics to physics. Despite a strong undergraduate GPA of 3.8, the candidate faced challenges in a quantum computing-focused master's program, resulting in a lower GPA of 3.3 due to the demanding curriculum and lack of support. They express a deep fascination with high-energy physics, emphasizing the field's vastness and their desire to explore its fundamental concepts, particularly string theory and its structural aspects. The candidate also shares their research experiences, including a project on quantum information theory related to black holes, which solidified their commitment to pursuing a PhD. Overall, they aim to contribute to the advancement of high-energy physics through innovative research in string theory and generalized symmetries.
SuperUnison
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Hello, I’m looking for some feedback on my statement of purpose. I’m looking to get into a PhD program for high-energy theory. For a bit of background, I studied math during undergrad, then got into an accelerated quantum computing-focused physics masters’ program. I did alright (3.8 GPA) in undergraduate, but pretty poorly (3.3 GPA) in the masters’ program. This is because the program required me to take at least 50% grad-level classes, which I probably wasn’t prepared for with a math degree, and also because I had basically no outside help due to my own social awkwardness. I’m worried about seeming indecisive due to my academic history, especially because of the fact that my main reason for wanting to study high-energy physics is simply because I find it utterly fascinating. Also, I’m afraid I might be being a bit too pointed in the second paragraph.


The thing that attracted me to high-energy theory is its vastness and its diversity of ideas/structures/techniques. I’ve always been a bit intellectually restless, always following lines of flight between ideas and hunting for strange, new concepts. This has caused me to be a bit all-over-the-place when it comes to my interests. At least, until I found physics, and especially high-energy theory. This subject is big enough and wide enough that one could spend multiple lifetimes in understanding it. Once I truly understood this, all other options left my mind.

However, I feel that, with the proliferation of work on toy models and specific physical situations (such as black holes), there is a danger that the fundamental physics community may become entrenched in excessively specialized research and lose sight of its broader goals. In the absence of a fully-general theory of everything that we have full control of, what I’d like to do is take the methods developed in specific areas of fundamental physics research and attempt to generalize them or transplant them to other specific areas.

My path to fundamental physics was not a particularly straightforward one, but it was very instructive. I studied mathematics during my undergraduate at [undergrad school], taking in abstract algebra, number theory and real analysis. But the classes that turned out to be the most important were easily [Prof 1]’s Quantum Computing classes. This is where I was first exposed to quantum mechanics, although it was presented in a very “computer-science” way. The classes were quite interesting, combining physics, computer science and mathematics in an invigorating way. However, some questions lingered in my mind, and there were many things that seemed arbitrary or unmotivated.

At [masters’ school], I learned quantum computing in a much more “physical” way. This answered a lot of questions I had from my classes at [undergrad school], and this is likely the point I chose physics over mathematics. However, I realized quite quickly that my interests laid not in quantum computing, but in fundamental physics. I decided to use the opportunity I had been given as a springboard toward a physics PhD program, tailoring my curriculum towards this end. While transitioning from an undergraduate mathematics program to a graduate-level physics program was quite challenging, it made abundantly clear to me the difference between solving problems in mathematics and solving problems in physics. It also taught me the importance of seeking help when I needed it.

The [masters’ program] program also gave me my first taste of research. Both of the required Quantum Computing classes in the program included some research component. For my Intro to Quantum Computing class, the final consisted of a poster session and presentation. I was intrigued by a continuous-variable version of the quantum teleportation algorithm, and made my poster about this topic. For the Advanced Quantum Computing course, I chose to write a summary of Blais et. al.’s “Quantum-information processing with circuit quantum electrodynamics,” an important paper in the development of the transmon qubit.

Despite the fact that the [masters’ program] program was focused on quantum computing, I managed to slip my own interests in at a few points. During the Summer of 2023, I conducted an independent research project supervised by professor [Prof 2] on the applications of quantum information theory to black holes. This is when I was first truly exposed to the methods and techniques of high-energy theory, and it confirmed for me that this is what I what I wanted to do.

After graduation in the Fall of 2023, I wasn’t satisfied. I wanted to know more, badly. I revisited the books I had only skimmed through for my research project, reading and working through them far more deeply. Using Zee’s Quantum Field Theory in a Nutshell and Lancaster and Blundell’s Quantum Field Theory for the Gifted Amateur as my main guides, I understood the formalisms and concepts of physics that I had previously struggled with, giving me the confidence to move on to more advanced topics, such as string theory. I was completely taken with the theory’s multiplicity of objects, its connections to basically all fields of mathematics and the way in which it seemed to subsume the existing structures of theoretical physics within itself.

I would like to pursue a Ph.D. in order to pursue a career in high-energy physics research, either in academia or a national laboratory. One of my main research goals is the advancement of our understanding of string theory by the exploration of its behavior in exotic/unusual scenarios. This leads me to an interest in non-geometric backgrounds, exotic branes, and non-supersymmetric theories. I’m also interested in exploring the structural aspects of the theory. Developments such as double/exceptional field theory and the various string matrix models have convinced me that there’s still a great deal of structure in string theory that has not yet been understood. I’m also interested in the relationship between matrix models and noncommutative geometry.

While string theory is my main interest, it is not my only one. I’m also interested in applying the recently-developed framework of generalized symmetries to deepen our understanding of string theory and other theories of physics, and possibly construct new ones. I’d also like to use some of the insights recently developed in the theory of scattering amplitudes as inspiration for further understanding.
 
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Graduate school applications in the US are a bit iffy at the moment. High energy theory is going to be very rough. You already have a physics masters though? So that's a plus, they aren't going to worry if you can pass quals or not. You can also try to find an advisor in Europe, even more so if you're doing HEP.

Going from a masters where you focused in QI it sounds like to HEP is going to be a bit weird. Honestly, your master thesis is probably in QI, you've probably published at least one paper in QI, you have a math degree for undergrad and now you want to do HEP. It does scream indecisive. You honestly would have more luck applying for QI positions, imo.

SuperUnison said:
The thing that attracted me to high-energy theory is its vastness and its diversity of ideas/structures/techniques. I’ve always been a bit intellectually restless, always following lines of flight between ideas and hunting for strange, new concepts. This has caused me to be a bit all-over-the-place when it comes to my interests. At least, until I found physics, and especially high-energy theory. This subject is big enough and wide enough that one could spend multiple lifetimes in understanding it. Once I truly understood this, all other options left my mind.

This is the kind of rubbish everyone says don't do. Please read about how to write a SOP for physics and talk to your current thesis advisor for feedback. This is basically vague nonsense and main characterish.

SuperUnison said:
However, I feel that, with the proliferation of work on toy models and specific physical situations (such as black holes), there is a danger that the fundamental physics community may become entrenched in excessively specialized research and lose sight of its broader goals. In the absence of a fully-general theory of everything that we have full control of, what I’d like to do is take the methods developed in specific areas of fundamental physics research and attempt to generalize them or transplant them to other specific areas.

The entire point of a PhD is to focus on specialized research. The work I've done in undergrad is focused enough that very few people in the department even know what the hell I'm talking about - and I'm an undergrad.

SuperUnison said:
My path to fundamental physics was not a particularly straightforward one, but it was very instructive. I studied mathematics during my undergraduate at [undergrad school], taking in abstract algebra, number theory and real analysis. But the classes that turned out to be the most important were easily [Prof 1]’s Quantum Computing classes. This is where I was first exposed to quantum mechanics, although it was presented in a very “computer-science” way. The classes were quite interesting, combining physics, computer science and mathematics in an invigorating way. However, some questions lingered in my mind, and there were many things that seemed arbitrary or unmotivated.

No one calls it quantum computing in a physics department. (to my knowledge). It's Quantum Information. Unless prof1 is also writing a letter for you or famous mentioning their name is probably unhelpful. Quantum information isn't quantum mechanics with some computer science thrown in. They share some similarities but they aren't the same. You would be rather unbothered about how to construct a controlled unitary gate in QM classes.


SuperUnison said:
At [masters’ school], I learned quantum computing in a much more “physical” way. This answered a lot of questions I had from my classes at [undergrad school], and this is likely the point I chose physics over mathematics. However, I realized quite quickly that my interests laid not in quantum computing, but in fundamental physics. I decided to use the opportunity I had been given as a springboard toward a physics PhD program, tailoring my curriculum towards this end. While transitioning from an undergraduate mathematics program to a graduate-level physics program was quite challenging, it made abundantly clear to me the difference between solving problems in mathematics and solving problems in physics. It also taught me the importance of seeking help when I needed it.

I don't understand this again, QI is about as close to fundamental physics as you're going to get. It's very much interested in fundamentals, and imo the resolution of the field one way or another is required to make progress on the fundamentals of physics, again from my limited understanding. I also don't know the difference in solving problems in mathematics and solving problems in physics, they basically go hand in hand.

SuperUnison said:
The [masters’ program] program also gave me my first taste of research. Both of the required Quantum Computing classes in the program included some research component. For my Intro to Quantum Computing class, the final consisted of a poster session and presentation. I was intrigued by a continuous-variable version of the quantum teleportation algorithm, and made my poster about this topic. For the Advanced Quantum Computing course, I chose to write a summary of Blais et. al.’s “Quantum-information processing with circuit quantum electrodynamics,” an important paper in the development of the transmon qubit.

This is low impact stuff, not worthy of SOP. Where is your real research? Where is your masters thesis?


SuperUnison said:
Despite the fact that the [masters’ program] program was focused on quantum computing, I managed to slip my own interests in at a few points. During the Summer of 2023, I conducted an independent research project supervised by professor [Prof 2] on the applications of quantum information theory to black holes. This is when I was first truly exposed to the methods and techniques of high-energy theory, and it confirmed for me that this is what I what I wanted to do.

This isn't slipping your own stuff in, this is QI research. You could easily find groups doing similar QIT research. You don't need to jump to HEP. Where's your research? What did you do? Did you publish? What was your thesis?


SuperUnison said:
After graduation in the Fall of 2023, I wasn’t satisfied. I wanted to know more, badly. I revisited the books I had only skimmed through for my research project, reading and working through them far more deeply. Using Zee’s Quantum Field Theory in a Nutshell and Lancaster and Blundell’s Quantum Field Theory for the Gifted Amateur as my main guides, I understood the formalisms and concepts of physics that I had previously struggled with, giving me the confidence to move on to more advanced topics, such as string theory. I was completely taken with the theory’s multiplicity of objects, its connections to basically all fields of mathematics and the way in which it seemed to subsume the existing structures of theoretical physics within itself.

Whaaa??? This suffers from the same problems as the opening paragraph. Rubbish. You also graduated with your masters in 2023? So this cycle 3? What have you done to become more better now?


SuperUnison said:
I would like to pursue a Ph.D. in order to pursue a career in high-energy physics research, either in academia or a national laboratory. One of my main research goals is the advancement of our understanding of string theory by the exploration of its behavior in exotic/unusual scenarios. This leads me to an interest in non-geometric backgrounds, exotic branes, and non-supersymmetric theories. I’m also interested in exploring the structural aspects of the theory. Developments such as double/exceptional field theory and the various string matrix models have convinced me that there’s still a great deal of structure in string theory that has not yet been understood. I’m also interested in the relationship between matrix models and noncommutative geometry.

Now you want to do strings? Good luck.


SuperUnison said:
While string theory is my main interest, it is not my only one. I’m also interested in applying the recently-developed framework of generalized symmetries to deepen our understanding of string theory and other theories of physics, and possibly construct new ones. I’d also like to use some of the insights recently developed in the theory of scattering amplitudes as inspiration for further understanding.

This seems like you're trying to throw them a bone if you can't get into HEP.

Anyway, I'm being harsh because this SOP needs a lot of work. You aren't going to have much luck with it. This is your third? cycle. You need to consider other alternatives at this point too.

Fyi,
The statement of purpose, as far as I've been coached, is:

What I want to do.
How I prepared to do it in terms of undergrad(and grad in your case) research/work experience.
How my prep ties in to my planned research focus and how I'm going to extend it.
Why your university is a match so I can do my research there.
Sum it up.

You've done something in QI that is at least tangentially related to your interests in HEP (I'm also not sure where these interests spring from, you haven't really worked with a HEP group). I'm not sure why you wouldn't just continue with that.

I'm an undergrad who's just applied for graduate school. So take what I say with a grain of salt and talk to people who would know like contacts that are going to write your letters of rec.

RIP should have checked the date, well, if they're still around. This popped up in the unanswered sidebar, not sure if that's an intended feature or not. OP is on cycle 3 now, hopefully they got some SOP coaching and got in last cycle.
 
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QuarkyMeson said:
You already have a physics masters though? So that's a plus, they aren't going to worry if you can pass quals or not.
Having a master's from School A does not ensure that you'll breeze through the quals at School B (or even at School A).
 
Having a masters exempts you from quals in the US. You're assumed to have passed already. Unless the department has some PhD specific qualifying exam.
 
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QuarkyMeson said:
Having a masters exempts you from quals in the US. You're assumed to have passed already. Unless the department has some PhD specific qualifying exam.
<<Emphasis added>> ??? I don't understand your distinction between (a) "quals" (which a master's exempts you from) and (b) "some PhD specific qualifying exam" (which apparently a master's does not exempt you from). I'm only familiar with (b). Can you give examples of US universities that have (a)? At many physics grad schools in the US, a PhD candidate can receive a master's upon satisfactorily completing required coursework, yet still get booted for failing to pass a required qualifying exam.
 
Sure: https://www.niu.edu/clas/physics/academics/graduate/phd.shtml

If you enter with a masters degree or a pgre score > 50% here you're waived from needing to pass the qualifying exam. At many schools in which you can earn a terminal masters in the US in physics all have a tagline of "skip the quals!"

Here is the university of chicago:

http://physics.uchicago.edu/academics/graduate-students/advancement-to-candidacy1/

You don't need to take the candidacy exam if you have a masters degree.

There probably are programs with other requirements that would make you take the exam anyway, but it seems kind of silly if you already have a masters degree.
 
The titles, scope, and levels of exams required in the US are not standardized and vary substantially with the school.

QuarkyMeson said:
Sure: https://www.niu.edu/clas/physics/academics/graduate/phd.shtml

If you enter with a masters degree or a pgre score > 50% here you're waived from needing to pass the qualifying exam.
For NIU (Northern Illinois University), here are the exam requirements:

"Exam Requirements​

Students entering the program without a master's degree in physics are required to pass a MS qualifying examination covering undergraduate material, which is usually taken during the first year. This can be waived given a physics GRE score of 50%.

Successful completion of a Ph.D. candidacy examination based on the core courses and upper-level undergraduate courses is required of all students in the Ph.D. program.

The Ph.D. candidacy exam is divided into three areas: classical mechanics, quantum mechanics and E&M. The Physics Graduate Manual describes exam policies further."

So their MS qualifying examination covers "undergraduate material" and as you stated can be waived if you enter with an MS in physics or score at least 50% in the physics GRE. But note that there is then a follow-on PhD candidacy exam at a more advanced level.

QuarkyMeson said:
At many schools in which you can earn a terminal masters in the US in physics all have a tagline of "skip the quals!"

I haven't fact checked this. But I will note that many of the top physics grad schools in the US don't offer terminal master's programs. At these schools, you leave with a master's if (a) you are accepted into a PhD program, (b) you complete the requirements for a master's, and (c) you fail to complete the requirements for a PhD, including failing to pass the qual.

QuarkyMeson said:
Here is the university of chicago:

http://physics.uchicago.edu/academics/graduate-students/advancement-to-candidacy1/

You don't need to take the candidacy exam if you have a masters degree.

I read through their requirements and could not find a statement that says you don't need to take the Graduate Diagnostic Examination if you already have a master's. The requirements do state:

"A student will advance to candidacy after displaying graduate-level proficiency in core areas and techniques of physics. This proficiency can be demonstrated by satisfactory performance on the graduate diagnostic exam (GDE), by satisfactory performance in core graduate courses, or by a combination of the two. Advancement to candidacy must be achieved by the end of the spring quarter of the student's second academic year in the program."

I'd be surprised if they had such a waiver since the whole purpose of this exam is to assess the student's current level of knowledge and determine which additional courses the student should take. See further discussion below.

QuarkyMeson said:
There probably are programs with other requirements that would make you take the exam anyway, but it seems kind of silly if you already have a masters degree.

It's not silly because both the scope and degree of difficulty of the courses required for a master's (or PhD) will vary substantially with different schools. That's like saying requiring the PGRE is silly if you already have a bachelor's degree (or will have by the time you enter grad school).
 
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