Stephen Hawking's doctoral thesis is available online

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Stephen Hawking makes his doctoral thesis available online

Cambridge University said the paper was the "most-requested" work for its open repository, receiving "hundreds" of requests. It'll also help open the floodgates. All Cambridge graduates will have to offer digital copies of their theses from now on, and they're being encouraged to make them public.

Direct link to the paper:
Properties of expanding universes
 
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Is there a plain txt copy of the doctoral?
It's hard to study it this way..
 
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nikospg said:
Is there a plain txt copy of the doctoral?
It's hard to study it this way..
Sorry, that makes no sense. 1) What is so difficult about reading a PDF copy? 2) How can there be a plain text version with diagrams?
 
Hello.

Today I've downloaded and taken a look at Stephen Hawking's doctoral thesis in .pdf form.

https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/251038

Chapter 4 deals with Singularities. (Page 96 of the reduced-size .pdf)

Through Peter Donis' help in this thread https://www.physicsforums.com/threa...l-collapse-and-cosmology.968323/#post-6153086 I discovered that when Hawking and Penrose were working together they made assumptions about the nature of the very early universe, calling these assumptions the energy conditions.

Now to my questions.

Are there any such assumptions (energy conditions) mentioned in this, Hawking's doctoral thesis, that relate to singularities?

If so, could I please be shown where they are?

If so, could their purpose please be explained to me, preferably at a Basic level?

If not, could it please be explained to me why Hawking did not use them?Many thanks in advance for any help given.Cerenkov.