Stopping power of rifle slugs

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the concept of stopping power in relation to rifle slugs, particularly focusing on the effectiveness of different calibers and bullet types for hunting large game. Participants explore the physics of kinetic energy, momentum, and drag forces, while also referencing historical anecdotes about a tiger hunter's experiences with various calibers.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Debate/contested
  • Conceptual clarification

Main Points Raised

  • Some participants question whether high velocity loads are more effective than slower, heavier loads for stopping power, referencing historical anecdotes about a tiger hunter's experiences.
  • One participant proposes a model for calculating kinetic energy based on mass and muzzle velocity, suggesting that these factors compete inversely.
  • Another participant emphasizes that kinetic energy increases linearly with mass but by the square of velocity, raising the question of how this applies to different bullet types.
  • Some participants discuss the importance of bullet design, such as hollow points versus ballistic tips, in maximizing damage upon impact.
  • There is mention of a limiting case involving a hypothetical high-velocity needle, with discussions on its effectiveness compared to traditional bullets.
  • One participant suggests that defining "stopping power" is crucial for meaningful discussion, noting that momentum and energy transfer are key factors.
  • Another participant highlights the role of distance to the target in determining the effectiveness of different calibers, suggesting that larger slugs may retain velocity better over distance.
  • Some participants reference the use of ballistic gel blocks in experimental work to compare different calibers and loads, indicating a method for assessing stopping power.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express multiple competing views regarding the effectiveness of different bullet types and calibers, as well as the definition of stopping power. The discussion remains unresolved with no consensus reached on the best approach or model.

Contextual Notes

Participants note that the discussion may be limited by the lack of a clear definition of "stopping power," and that various assumptions about bullet dynamics and external factors like drag are not fully resolved.

  • #31
Frabjous said:
There is a maximum velocity. Once the bullet exits the body with “sufficient” velocity, energy is being wasted.
Yes and no?

Higher velocity doesn't actually necessarily mean more penetration. Extremely high velocity can cause massive hydrostatic shock on impact, causing pressures that can break up the bullet or cause it to tumble and that can also cause it to dump energy much faster than a lower velocity round would. In some cases, a very high velocity small round can have *less* penetration than a large slow round with the same energy, while causing much more damage near the initial entry wound. For an example of this, look how fast a .22-250 dumps its energy in this test:



That having been said, even the highest velocity 22 caliber rounds (220 swift) would make me nervous with something like a grizzly or moose. In theory, it should have plenty of energy, but I'd still feel more comfortable with something a bit more powerful.
 

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