Stuck with a gas expansion problem?

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SUMMARY

The forum discussion centers on solving a gas expansion problem involving an ideal gas undergoing isothermal expansion. The user successfully derived the work done by the gas using the formula W = nRT ln(V2/V1) and calculated the work done for T = 25 degrees Celsius and V2 = 3V1, ultimately determining that n = 1 mole leads to a work output of approximately 2720.58 Joules per mole. However, the user struggles with calculating the heat flow during the process, prompting a request for assistance. The first law of thermodynamics is suggested as a key concept for solving this part of the problem.

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  • Understanding of ideal gas laws and isothermal processes
  • Familiarity with the first law of thermodynamics
  • Basic calculus for integration in thermodynamic equations
  • Knowledge of natural logarithms and their application in physics
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  • Study the first law of thermodynamics in the context of isothermal processes
  • Learn how to calculate heat transfer in thermodynamic systems
  • Explore the concept of internal energy changes for ideal gases
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This discussion is beneficial for physics students, thermodynamics enthusiasts, and anyone seeking to understand the principles of gas behavior during isothermal expansion and the associated calculations of work and heat flow.

jeebs
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Hi, i think I've got the first part of this question done but I am stuck with the rest, so i'll post the lot in case you think i have the first part wrong.

a) Derive and expression for the work done by an ideal gas when it expands isothermally at temperature T from a volume V1 to V2.

b) calculate the work done when T = 25 degrees C and V2 = 3V1.

c) calculate the magnitude and direction of the flow of heat during the above process.
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Here is my attempt. for the first part, i am imagining a gas expanding like burning petrol in a car engine, the gas is forcing the piston of area A a distance x along the cylinder:

a) work done dW = F.dx (work = force x displacement).

F = pA (force = pressure x area). change in volume dV = A.dx

therefore dW = pA.dx = p.dV, so W = ∫ p.dV

and since pV = nRT we can write that W = nRT∫(1/V).dV = (nRT).ln(V)

so, W = (nRT).ln(V2) - (nRT).ln(V1) = nRT.ln(V2/V1).
b) to calculate the work done, i plugged the numbers into the equation (the ln(V2/V1) part becomes ln(3) ) but i do not know the number of moles, therefore i am stuck with the n term.

the closest i can get to an answer is 2720.58 Joules per mole.

can anyone help me out here?

EDIT: apologies, it turns out that my problem sheet had information missing from it. there was one mole of gas present, n=1.
so part b) is completed.
c) i have no idea how to do this.
does anyone know what i have to do? i am very grateful for any help.

thanks.
 
Last edited:
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Use the first law of thermodynamics.
Hint: Isothermal process, ideal gas. what is the change in internal energy?
 

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