Substended angle, rotational kinematics

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on calculating the angles subtended by the moon and the sun as viewed from Earth, using the formula Θ = s/r, where s is the diameter and r is the distance from Earth. The moon subtends an angle of approximately 0.00904 radians, while the sun subtends an angle of approximately 0.00927 radians. This discrepancy indicates that a total solar eclipse is not perfectly "total" due to the differing angles. Additionally, the conversation addresses the concept of "apparent" circular area, emphasizing the need to compare the areas of the moon and sun as they appear in the sky.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of basic trigonometry and angular measurements
  • Familiarity with the concept of apparent size in astronomy
  • Knowledge of the formula for calculating area of a circle (A = πr²)
  • Basic understanding of rotational kinematics
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  • Research the concept of angular diameter in astronomy
  • Learn about the physics of solar eclipses and their classifications
  • Explore the mathematical relationship between distance and apparent size
  • Investigate the effects of distance on the perception of celestial bodies
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Astronomy students, physics enthusiasts, educators teaching celestial mechanics, and anyone interested in understanding the dynamics of solar eclipses.

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The moon has a diameter of 3.48 x 10^6 m and is a distance of 3.85 x 10^8m from the earth. The sun has a diameter of 1.39 x 10^9 m and is 1.50 x 10^11 m from the earth.

(a.) What are the angles (in radians) subtended by the moon and the sun, as measured by a person standing on the earth.

Because the large planetary masses are so very far away, we can assume that s = diameter

Θ = s/r

For the moon:
S = 3.48E6 m
r = 3.85E8 m
Θ = s/r = 3.48E6/3.85E8
Θ = 0.009038961 radiansFor the sun:
S = 1.39E9 m
r = 1.50E11 m
Θ = s/r = 1.39E9/1.50E11
Θ = 0.0092666667 radians

(b.) Based on the answers to part (a.), is a total eclipse of the sun really "total"?
No, because the angles are not perfectly equal.

(c.) What is the ratio (as a percentage) of the apparent circular area of the moon to the apparent circular area of the sun?

For part C, do I just use Pi(radius)2 and compare the two areas? I just don't understand stand what they mean by "apparent" circular area. Is this problem just to emphasize how much larger the sun is than the moon?
 
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By "apparent" circular area they mean the circular area as it appears to you. Imagine that the moon and the sun as you see them in the sky are two circles on a table in front of you. What will you say the ratio of the areas is?
 

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