The inequality presented in the discussion is incorrect and should be adjusted to reflect that as the denominator increases, the fraction decreases. As \( n \) becomes large, \( (\ln n)^2 \) becomes negligible compared to \( n \), and \( n \) is much smaller than \( n^3 \). Therefore, the fraction \( \dfrac {n + (\ln n)^2}{\sqrt{n^3+n}} \) can be approximated as \( \dfrac n{\sqrt{n^3}} = \dfrac1{n^{1/2}} \). The limit comparison test is suggested to analyze the behavior of \( \dfrac {n + (\ln n)^2}{\sqrt{n^3+n}} \) in relation to \( \dfrac1{n^{1/2}} \). This approach will help clarify the convergence of the series in question.
Unfortunately, your inequality is the wrong way round. It should say $\dfrac n{\sqrt{n^3+n}} \geq \dfrac n{n^3+n}$ (as the denominator gets larger, the fraction gets smaller!).
For this problem, notice that, as $n$ gets large, $(\ln n)^2$ will be much smaller than $n$. In the denominator, $n$ will be much smaller than $n^3$. So to a first approximation the fraction $\dfrac {n + (\ln n)^2}{\sqrt{n^3+n}}$ will look like $\dfrac n{\sqrt{n^3}} = \dfrac1{n^{1/2}}.$ Try using the limit comparison test to compare $\dfrac {n + (\ln n)^2}{\sqrt{n^3+n}}$ with $\dfrac1{n^{1/2}}.$