The Kubo Formula of Hall Conductivity

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Discussion Overview

The discussion centers around the Kubo formula for calculating Hall conductivity in two-dimensional systems. Participants explore the derivation of this formula and its relationship to the Kubo identity, as well as the roles of specific velocity operators in the context of Hall measurements.

Discussion Character

  • Technical explanation, Conceptual clarification, Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant references several papers that mention a formula for Hall conductivity derived from the Kubo identity, expressing uncertainty about the derivation due to differences in the formula's form.
  • Questions arise regarding the definitions of the velocity operators v1 and v2, which are clarified to represent the velocity operators in the x and y directions, respectively.
  • Another participant explains that the general linear response formula involves time correlation functions of observables and applied fields, noting the significance of measuring current in a direction orthogonal to the applied field.
  • The discussion includes a mention of using the Lehmann representation for time evolution in eigenstates to derive the final result.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants do not reach a consensus on the derivation of the Kubo formula for Hall conductivity, and multiple viewpoints regarding the interpretation and application of the formula remain present.

Contextual Notes

There are unresolved aspects regarding the specific derivation steps from the Kubo identity to the Hall conductivity formula, as well as potential assumptions related to the definitions of the velocity operators.

cometzir
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Several papers (eg. Di Xiao, et. al, Berry phase effects on electronic properties, RevModPhys, 82,2010)mentioned a formula to calculate the Hall conductivity(See the picture).This formula is used in an two dimensional system, v1 and v2 are velocity operators in x and y direction, Phi0 and PhiN are ground and excited state vector.
The papers claim that this formula can be derived from the Kubo identity, but I am not sure how this can be done, since the form of Kubo formla is quite different from this expression.
Could anyone help me with the derivation?
 

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What are v1 and v2?
 
DrDu said:
What are v1 and v2?

Sorry for unclearly description.
This formula is used in a two dimensional system. v1 and v2 are velocity operators in x and y direction
 
Which part is unfamiliar to you? The general linear response formula involves the time correlation function of the observable and the applied field. In a Hall measurement, the current is measured in the direction orthogonal to the applied field, which is why vx and vy show up. Writing the field in terms of the current density then gives the time integral of a current-current (or velocity-velocity) correlation function and performing the time evolution in the basis of eigenstates (Lehmann representation) should give the final result.
 

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