Thermodynamics: two stage-compressor

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on the analysis of a two-stage compressor using air as the working fluid. The first stage compresses air from pressure P_1 and temperature T_1 to pressure P_2, followed by cooling at constant pressure before the second stage compresses it to pressure P_3. Key calculations involve determining the work per unit mass for the compressor as a function of P_1, P_2, P_3, T_1, specific heat at constant pressure (c_p), and the ratio of specific heats (gamma). The goal is to find the optimal pressure P_2 that minimizes the compressor work.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of thermodynamic principles, specifically the first law of thermodynamics.
  • Familiarity with pressure-volume (P-v) diagrams and their interpretation.
  • Knowledge of specific heats, particularly c_p and c_v, and their application in thermodynamic equations.
  • Proficiency in using the ideal gas law, PV = mRT, for calculations involving gases.
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the derivation of work done in adiabatic and isothermal processes in compressors.
  • Learn about the impact of cooling processes on compressor efficiency and performance.
  • Explore the concept of minimizing work in thermodynamic cycles and its applications in engineering.
  • Investigate the role of specific heat ratios (gamma) in determining the performance of gas compressors.
USEFUL FOR

Mechanical engineers, thermodynamics students, and professionals involved in the design and optimization of compressor systems will benefit from this discussion.

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Homework Statement



Consider a two stage compressor. The working fluid is air. The first stage compressor takes the air at P_1 and T_1. It compresses the air to the pressure P_2. Between the two compressors, the air is cooled at constant pressure from T_2 to T_1 (I believe this is the other way around but this is how its written). It is then compressed by the second compressor to the pressure P_3

a) draw the process in P-v coordinates
b) Determine the work per unit mass to run the compressor, as a function of P_1, P_2, P_3, T_1, gamma and c_p (specific heat at constant pressure).
c) Determine the pressure, P_2, which minimizes the compressor work.

Homework Equations



Delta(U) = Q - W (heat to system - work by system) (1)
PV=mRT, where R=287 kg/(mol K) and m = 1kg (2)

du = c_v*dT (3)
dh = (dq when P is constant) = c_p*dT (4)

The Attempt at a Solution



My P-v diagram is as shown in the (crude) paint drawing

Now to find the work I use the definition of pressure-volume work along the paths A-B and C-D to obtain:

W_AB = R*T_1*LN(p_1/p_2)
W_CD = R*T_2*LN(p_2/p_3)

using specific heats and applying (3) and (4) to (1)
W_BC = (T_2 - T_1)*(c_p - c_v) = R*(T_2 -T_1)

Now I imagine that the answer is the sum of the above. Unfortunatelly though I have been unable to get rid of that T_2 and presumably in the process get gamma to appear somewhere. If I could achieve that I would simply calculate dW/dp_2 == 0 and hopefully get an answer. I would like some help in getting rid of T_2 and any hints or comments on my work thus far.
 

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B should be P2 T2
C should be P2 T1
 
Ok! But does this mean I should treat A-B and C-D as adiabatic processes or should I not make such a simplifying assumption?

To say the process is adiabatic would mean that the compressor, compresses the gas fast enough for there to be any heat transfer...
 

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