To calculate the torque needed to throw a mass using two pulleys and a belt, it's essential to first determine the mass of the material, such as snow, based on its density. The discussion highlights that 500 kg/m³ is a density, not a mass, and emphasizes the need to define the desired height and speed of the throw, considering factors like air drag. The participants suggest focusing on power requirements, using the formula power = torque * RPM to find the necessary torque for the snowblower's operation. They note that snowblower power ratings range from 2 hp to 15 hp, which can guide the selection of the appropriate pulley size. Ultimately, understanding the power requirements and adjusting the pulley size is crucial for effective snow throwing.